Joy高齋翻譯分享：劍橋大學(xué)：官網(wǎng)和維基百科上寫的是University of Cambridge，或the University of Cambridge或有時(shí)候直接簡(jiǎn)寫為Cambridge如：北京大學(xué)和劍橋大學(xué)是具有深厚學(xué)術(shù)底蘊(yùn)的一流學(xué)府。

PKU and Cambridge, the two world-class universities of the highest academic traditions, have a key role to play in this endeavour. 反正平時(shí)多看外刊，多看經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人，看外刊的時(shí)候就知道地道表達(dá)了，比如”高齋外刊雙語(yǔ)精讀“有經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人雙語(yǔ)精讀筆記，比如下面這篇，有很多地道的表達(dá)需要我們學(xué)習(xí)，分享給大家。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人2月份文章原文：Opinions on the effects of children’s digital media habits are deeply polarised. At one extreme, Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, says the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012, wherever they live and whatever their background. She thinks excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health, sometimes to the point of driving them to suicide. Others note that similar warnings were sounded when television started to spread in the second half of the 20th century. At the time it was widely believed that if children spent long hours watching it every day, they would become dumb, fat and lazy. Now watching TV together is seen as a valuable family activity for parents and children.調(diào)整后的譯文：關(guān)于兒童使用數(shù)字媒體的習(xí)慣帶來(lái)了的影響，人們的觀點(diǎn)兩極分化。在一個(gè)極端，圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授珍·特溫格（Jean Twenge）認(rèn)為，智能手機(jī)徹底改變了1995年至2012年間出生的美國(guó)一代兒童的生活，無(wú)論他們身處在何處，背景如何。她認(rèn)為過(guò)度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體讓他們孤獨(dú)和沮喪，對(duì)他們身體特別是心理健康造成了嚴(yán)重危害，有時(shí)甚至?xí)_(dá)到讓他們自殺的程度。其他人則認(rèn)為，當(dāng)電視在20世紀(jì)下半葉開(kāi)始普及時(shí)，也出現(xiàn)過(guò)類似的警告。當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為，如果孩子每天花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視，他們會(huì)變得愚笨、肥胖、懶惰?，F(xiàn)在一起看電視卻成了寶貴的親子活動(dòng)。主旨思想：開(kāi)篇指出人們對(duì)于兒童使用數(shù)字媒體的習(xí)慣帶來(lái)的影響，存在兩種截然不同的意見(jiàn)。一種觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為過(guò)度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)以及社交媒體對(duì)兒童的身心理健康造成了嚴(yán)重的危害。另一種觀點(diǎn)則認(rèn)為，當(dāng)電視剛出現(xiàn)的時(shí)候，人們也反對(duì)，但是現(xiàn)在一起看電視卻被視為寶貴的親子活動(dòng)。第一句: Opinions on the effects of children’s digital media habits are deeply polarised.關(guān)于兒童使用數(shù)字媒體的習(xí)慣帶來(lái)了何種影響，人們的意見(jiàn)兩極分化。

1. Opinions about/on/over sth表示關(guān)于……的觀點(diǎn)。

2. “digital media 數(shù)字媒體”。

3. “polarise”用作“v.”，用來(lái)表示“（使）兩極化，截然對(duì)立”?！皁pinions...are polarised”表示“意見(jiàn)兩極分化”、“意見(jiàn)不一”。在英語(yǔ)作文寫作中，在表述對(duì)待某件事物存在兩種不同觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以用在開(kāi)篇用“opinions on/over sth...are polarised”，還可以說(shuō)“opinions on/over sthare divided...”。比如Opinions are widely divided. 眾說(shuō)紛紜。其中about/on/over也可以放在句尾，比如Opinions are divided over the effects of using smartphones. 關(guān)于使用手機(jī)的影響，人們的意見(jiàn)兩極分化。除了說(shuō)兩極分化，我們還經(jīng)常在英語(yǔ)作文中說(shuō)“人們意見(jiàn)不一”，我們就可以說(shuō)“opinions on/over sth...vary”、“hold different opinions on/over sth”等。比如《金融時(shí)報(bào)》在一篇介紹“新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體”的文章中，也曾用到過(guò)類似的表達(dá)：Opinions on which emerging economies will outperform in the next 12 months vary.對(duì)于哪些新興經(jīng)濟(jì)體在未來(lái)12個(gè)月會(huì)有更好的表現(xiàn)，人們意見(jiàn)不一。第二句：At one extreme, Jean Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, says the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012, wherever they live and whatever their background.在一個(gè)極端，圣地亞哥州立大學(xué)的心理學(xué)教授珍·特溫格（Jean Twenge）認(rèn)為，智能手機(jī)徹底改變了1995年至2012年間出生的美國(guó)一代兒童的生活，無(wú)論他們身處在何處，背景如何。

1. 句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析：這句話的主語(yǔ)是“Jean Twenge”，謂語(yǔ)是“says”，其中“a psychology professor...”作“Jean Twenge”的同位語(yǔ)，“the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012”是says的賓語(yǔ)從句，born between 1995 and 2012是the generation of American children的后置定語(yǔ)，wherever they live and whatever their background是the smartphone has radically changed the lives of the generation of American children born between 1995 and 2012的讓步狀語(yǔ)。

2. “extreme”用作adj.時(shí)，表示“極端的”、“嚴(yán)重的”、“最……”。比如people living in extreme poverty生活在極度貧困中的人。We are working under extreme pressure at the moment.目前我們正在極大的壓力下工作。Kerry is in the extreme west of Ireland.凱里位于愛(ài)爾蘭的最西端。用作n.時(shí)，表示“極端”、“極限”；一般用復(fù)數(shù)，如extremes of love and hate愛(ài)和恨兩種截然不同的感情；extremes of cold, wind or rain嚴(yán)寒、狂風(fēng)、驟雨。在本句話中，在談到兩個(gè)兩極分化的觀點(diǎn)，引出其中一方觀點(diǎn)的時(shí)候，用了“at one extreme”，在此應(yīng)特別注意搭配介詞“at”。

3. radically changed徹底改變了：比如同時(shí)，學(xué)校的風(fēng)氣也得到了根本的改善。Meanwhile, the atmosphere in the school improved radically. 還比如我們說(shuō)“科技徹底改變了我們獲取信息的方式”，我們?cè)谟⑽淖魑闹芯涂梢哉f(shuō)Technology has radically changed how we pick up information. 4. the smartphone：the+科技類產(chǎn)品單數(shù)表示一類產(chǎn)品，所以這里翻譯為智能手機(jī)。

5. “generation”表示“一代人”，常見(jiàn)的搭配有“the past generation 過(guò)去一代”、“the present generation 當(dāng)代”、“the future generation 后代”等。

6. whatever their background：這個(gè)完整的是whatever their background is。第三句：She thinks excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health, sometimes to the point of driving them to suicide.她認(rèn)為過(guò)度使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)和社交媒體讓他們孤獨(dú)和沮喪，對(duì)他們身體特別是心理健康造成了嚴(yán)重危害，有時(shí)甚至?xí)_(dá)到讓他們自殺的程度。

1. excessive use of the internet and social media makes them lonely and depressed and poses serious risks to their physical and particularly their mental health是 thinks賓語(yǔ)從句，sometimes to the point of 是狀語(yǔ)，表示遞進(jìn)。

2. “excessive”表示“過(guò)分的”、“過(guò)度的”，常用的搭配有“excessive use 過(guò)度使用”、“excessive force 過(guò)度武力”、“excessive demand過(guò)度需求”等。

3. poses serious risks to：對(duì)……造成威脅/危害。比如我們可以說(shuō)Climate change poses risks to all of us, but by far the largest risks to poor countries. 氣候變化對(duì)我們所有人都構(gòu)成威脅，但迄今為止對(duì)貧窮國(guó)家的威脅最大。比如我們還可以說(shuō)：Rampant credit growth poses risks to the financial system迅猛的信貸增長(zhǎng)對(duì)金融體系構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。這個(gè)表達(dá)里面的risks還可以換為threats，比如我們?cè)谡f(shuō)貿(mào)易主義的時(shí)候我們就可以這樣說(shuō)：Protectionism poses real threats to the global economy.保護(hù)主義對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)構(gòu)成切實(shí)的威脅?！發(fā)onely”只作adj.，表示“孤獨(dú)的”、“寂寞的”。修飾地方時(shí)，意思是“偏遠(yuǎn)的，荒涼的”，a lonely beach人跡罕至的海灘。這里說(shuō)下alone、lone和lonely三者的區(qū)別：alone可以作副詞，比如She lives alone.她獨(dú)居獨(dú)處；lone 表示“孤單的”、“單獨(dú)的”，可以作定語(yǔ)，比如a lone mother/parent/father 單親母親 / 父親。A lone sea gull flew across the sky. 一只孤獨(dú)的海鷗在空中飛過(guò)。Lonely則既可以作表語(yǔ)，也可以作定語(yǔ)。She feels lonely.她感到寂寞。a lonely child孤寂的孩子。I don't feel lonely as I've made new friends here. 我在這里又交了新朋友，一點(diǎn)也不寂寞。A lone skier on the mountain. 山上一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的滑雪者。

4. “particularly”表示“特別”、“尤其”等含義，包含一種強(qiáng)調(diào)的意味。在“their physical and particularly their mental health”這句話中，通過(guò)運(yùn)用“particularly”，以及兩個(gè)“their”，更加突現(xiàn)并列的含義。

5. “to the point of...”表示“達(dá)到...的程度、到達(dá)……的地步”。后面跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，需要用v-ing形式。同時(shí)。后面也可以直接跟名詞形式，比如：Lucy is unusual to the point of eccentricity. 露西特立獨(dú)行到了古怪的地步。Tom was anxious to the point of neurosis.湯姆焦慮得都要得神經(jīng)癥了。Her prose is vigorous and dense, occasionally to the point of obscurity. 她的散文文筆有力、內(nèi)容龐雜，有時(shí)幾近晦澀。The applause was thin to the point of non-existence. 掌聲稀稀拉拉，幾近于無(wú)。

6. “drive”表示后面可以跟形容詞，表示逼到……程度，即“drive”有“drive sb. +adj.”這一用法，比如You'll drive me mad.你這樣會(huì)把我逼瘋的。還可以后面跟to sth，也表示逼到……程度。比如這里的driving them to suicide。第四句：Others note that similar warnings were sounded when television started to spread in the second half of the 20th century.其他人則認(rèn)為，當(dāng)電視在20世紀(jì)下半葉開(kāi)始普及時(shí)，也出現(xiàn)過(guò)類似的警告。

1. Note，就是think，argue的意思。也可以表示sth 指出，比如The report notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies. 報(bào)告特別指出經(jīng)濟(jì)大國(guó)的進(jìn)出口量攀升。note還有很多意思，比如leave a note留下便條；See Note 9 on p. 400. 參見(jiàn)第400頁(yè)的注釋9。記下來(lái)take notes，note the number plates of passing cars記下了經(jīng)過(guò)車輛的車牌號(hào)。還可以表示提醒，比如：Please note that there are a limited number of tickets. 請(qǐng)注意，票的數(shù)量有限。

2. sound除了表示聲音，還可以表示發(fā)出，比如sound the alarm發(fā)出警告。這里的sound similar warnings 就是發(fā)出警告的意思，這里可以意譯“也出現(xiàn)過(guò)類似的警告”。

3. “spread”表示“普及”，“傳播”等含義。The alarm spread rapidly. 警報(bào)迅速傳開(kāi)。

4. “the second half of...”表示“下半葉”，而“上半葉”的表達(dá)為“the first half of...”。第五、六句：At the time it was widely believed that if children spent long hours watching it every day, they would become dumb, fat and lazy. Now watching TV together is seen as a valuable family activity for parents and children.當(dāng)時(shí)人們普遍認(rèn)為，如果孩子每天花很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間看電視，他們會(huì)變得愚笨、肥胖、懶惰?，F(xiàn)在一起看電視卻成了寶貴的親子活動(dòng)。

1. “it was widely believed that”表示“人們普遍認(rèn)為”，類似的表達(dá)還有“It is commonly believed that”、“It is universally acknowledged that”、“It is universally accepted that”等。

2. 我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)作文或者翻譯中，也可以運(yùn)用下面這一表達(dá)句型，比如關(guān)于教育話題，我們就可以說(shuō)It is universally acknowledged that education plays an indispensable role in one's life. College is the gateway to success. 眾所周知，教育是人生命中必不可少的部分。上大學(xué)成功之道。

3. “dumb”表示“沉默的”、“愚蠢的”、“啞的”等含義。She was born deaf and dumb .她天生又聾又啞。

4. “be seen as”表示“被視為”，同義詞有“be regarded as”、“be deemed as”等。比如我們說(shuō)氣候變化可以解決，我們?cè)谟⒄Z(yǔ)作文中就可以說(shuō)Climate change should not be seen as an insurmountable problem.氣候變化不應(yīng)該被視為一個(gè)不能克服的問(wèn)題。

5. “a family activity”表示“親子活動(dòng)”，還可以說(shuō)“ Family events”等。

6. 其實(shí)這整段是很好的英語(yǔ)作文寫作段落，當(dāng)我們?cè)诒磉_(dá)人們對(duì)某事件看法兩極分化，并列出兩個(gè)相反的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，可以使用下面這一句型“Opinions on ...are deeply polarised. At one extreme…Others note that…”。在討論核能等都是能引起爭(zhēng)論的話題，在闡述這些話題時(shí)就可以用上該句型，比如：Opinions on nuclear power are deeply polarised. At one extreme, supporters believe that nuclear power can meet the ever-growing demand for energy. Others note that nuclear-armed countries will pose potential threats to global security.關(guān)于核能，人們的觀點(diǎn)兩極分化。在一個(gè)極端，支持者認(rèn)為核能可滿足人們不斷增長(zhǎng)的能源需求。其他人則認(rèn)為擁有核武器的國(guó)家會(huì)給全球安全帶來(lái)潛在威脅。