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什么是英語情態(tài)動詞

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情態(tài)情態(tài),故名思義,就是表示情緒和態(tài)度的動詞。

雖然也叫“動詞”,但這類動詞必須跟有實(shí)際意義的動詞(實(shí)義動詞,如 eat,sleep,drink等)在一起;也就是老師常說的:情態(tài)動詞 + 動詞原形。情態(tài)動詞如:can, couldmay, mightshould, ought tomust, have toneed, dare02 can & could1)表能力I believe I can flyShe could skate before she broke her leg.斷腿之前,她能溜冰呢。注:could 表示過去擁有的能力。

2)表請求、允許Can you give me 10 bucks 表請求時,could 比 can 更禮貌和委婉。

3)表猜測Can it be true 真的嗎?can’t 用于表示否定推測,“不大可能”It can’t be true.不大可能是真的。對過去的否定推測:can’t have doneIt can’t have been true.(指過去)couldn't 也可以表示對過去的否定推測,只是更委婉一些。It couldn’t be true.(指過去)注:學(xué)校老師常把 can’t 解釋為“不可能”,而根據(jù)《薄冰英語語法》為“不大可能”,沒有那么絕對。

4)虛擬語氣用 could,不用 can.could have done 表示跟過去的事實(shí)相反,即“本可以做到,卻沒做”,表達(dá)了一種惋惜、遺憾之情?!渡畲蟊ā返谝患镜?0集, 因?yàn)镻enny 唱歌實(shí)在難聽,Sheldon 和 Leonard 不想去看她的演出,于是撒謊要參加什么電子偶素的研討會。可 Sheldon 一撒謊就渾身難受,回到屋里就跟 Leonard 嚷嚷:You could have told her the truth.你本該告訴她實(shí)情的。他們一開始就沒有對 Penny 說實(shí)話,所以 Sheldon 才責(zé)怪舍友“明明可以說實(shí)話”(然而并沒有)。* 有人可能會問:couldn’t have done 是不是表示“本不可以做,卻做了”的意思?No~正如上文第3點(diǎn)「表猜測」所說,把它當(dāng)成對過去的否定推測就行了。用法與 can’t have done(指過去)相似,但語氣委婉?!侗”⒄Z語法》You couldn’t have told her the truth.你不大可能跟她說了實(shí)話。

5)can vs. be able to關(guān)于兩者的區(qū)別,除了 be able to 可以用于各種時態(tài),此外還有兩種比較流行的說法:

① can 表示“能夠”時,與 be able to 同義?!?《薄冰英語語法》② 在一定的條件(金錢、資源、機(jī)會等)下做成某事,用 be able to,不用 can/ could ?!缎赂拍钣⒄Z 2》43課 - 關(guān)鍵句型敲黑板:成功地完成某事 —— be able toHe didn’t agree with me at first but I was able to persuade him.一開始他不同意我的觀點(diǎn),但我最終說服了他。03 may & might1)表請求、允許You may not take my stuffed animal!你不可以拿人家的娃娃哦!關(guān)于 may 的回疑問還是比較多的。兒童繪本 May I Have a Cookie 有個現(xiàn)成句式:- May I please have a cookie - Yes, you may.肯定回答除了Yes, you may.還可以說成:Yes, you can.如果鱷魚媽不讓 Alfie 吃餅干,可以說:No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t.當(dāng)然, 這些聽起來都很兇。不那么兇的話可以回I am afraid not.You’d better not.* 值得一提的是,考試的時候,大家盡量避開 No, you may not. 這種否定回答用得比較少,很可能改卷就給你判 ? 了。實(shí)際上,人家只是較少用,沒毛病。委婉程度:might > mayMight I have a cookie 多提一句,表允許、表猜測時,may 和 can 可互換;may 比 can 正式,can 較口語化。

2)表猜測可能性:may > mightHe may be at home. (≈ 50%可能性)He might be at home. (≈ 30%可能性)3)虛擬語氣用 might,不用 may.might have done 表示“本可以做……,卻沒有做……” ,有責(zé)怪的意思04 should & ought to1)表義務(wù),“應(yīng)該”根據(jù)薄冰老先生的說法,should 常用于一般情況;ought to 則更多用于特殊情況。比如:>> We should respect the old.我們應(yīng)該尊敬老人。尊老是中華民族的優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)。這句話講的就是一般情況,并沒有講要特殊對待哪個老人。>> We ought to take good care of the old man. He has no family.我們要照顧好這個老人家。他已經(jīng)沒有家人了。這里的孤寡老人就是一種特指,一種特殊的情況。

2)表推測should 和 ought to 都可以用來表示推測,可能性大大滴(當(dāng)然還是 < must)如果排個序,可能性:must > ought to > shouldShe must be Tony’s girlfriend.肯定是他女朋友!Tony 發(fā)了朋友圈,說“只愿得一人心”,配圖是她。She ought to be Tony’s girlfriend.很大可能是!Tony 每天都給她送花。She should be Tony’s girlfriend.很可能是!Tony 經(jīng)常跟她一起踩點(diǎn)到公司。

3)虛擬語氣>> 本不該做某事,卻做了:shouldn’t have doneoughtn’t to have doneAustralia shouldn’t have bamboozled British into traveling there when the whole country has been “on fire” for months.澳大利亞本不應(yīng)該忽悠英國人去那兒旅游;整個澳洲“火燒”了幾個月。* bamboozle sb. into doing sth. 忽悠某人做某事實(shí)際上澳拍了廣告,請國寶級女歌手 Kylie Minogue 凱莉·米洛歡迎廣大英國人民前來澳大利亞度假。圖片來源:英國報姐>> 本該做某事,卻沒有做:should have doneought to have doneAustralia should have spent the advertising expenses in controlling the wildfires.澳大利亞本應(yīng)該把廣告費(fèi)用在控制山火上。據(jù)說澳洲旅游局這次宣傳一共耗資1500萬澳元(約7300萬人民幣)。而這頭大火還在燒……圖片來源:英國報姐05 must1)表“必須”Must I cheer up 我必須得振作起來嗎?肯定回Yes, you must.你必須振作起來!否定回No, you needn’t.No, you don’t have to.沒必要。你累了就真的沒必要。圖片來源:《丈夫得了抑郁癥》劇照注意否定回答不能用 mustn’t。mustn’t 表禁止,絕對不能。You mustn’t touch me!2)表肯定推測The Gods must be crazy.上帝肯定是瘋了。圖片來源:《上帝也瘋狂》電影海報must have done 表過去肯定做過……So somewhere in my youth or childhoodI must have done something good歌詞源于《音樂之聲》歌曲 Something good06 need1)情態(tài)動詞need 需要,必須If you want anything, you need only ask.你要啥,說一聲就行。needn’t 不必You needn’t do that.你大可不必。前面我們提到過,用 must 提問,否定回答可以用 needn’t。Must I go No, you needn’t.或者,No, you don’t have to.2)實(shí)義動詞值得注意的是,need 也可當(dāng)作實(shí)義動詞,這時它常跟 to 在一起:need to do sth.,表有義務(wù)或責(zé)任做某事You need to eat more!你要吃多一點(diǎn)!I need to take my dog out for a walk every day.我每天都得帶狗子出去遛彎。實(shí)義動詞 need 的否定式是:don’t need…(人稱、時態(tài)看情況)You don’t need to do it if you feel tired.如果你累了,就沒有必要做。

3)虛擬語氣needn’t have done 本不必要做某事,卻做了在新概念二第41課里,一男的陪媳婦買帽子,對她挑的款式各種嫌棄,叨叨:We mustn't buy things we don't need.不需要的東西咱不能買。之后,女人回了一句:You needn’t have said that.你本不必醬講。然后就開始互相傷害:I needn't remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday.我不必提醒你昨天買的那條丑死了的領(lǐng)帶。07 dare1)情態(tài)動詞多用于否定句,疑問句中。dare 的否定式是 dare not,縮寫:daren’tI daren’t move!我不敢動!Dare you answer me when I call your name 我叫你一聲,你敢答應(yīng)嗎?特殊情況也有,比如用于 if/ whether 之后:I wonder whether he dare tell the truth.我不知道他敢不敢講真話。注意,正宗的情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱的變化,不用考慮三單?;驐l件句:If you ever dare call me that name again, you'll be sorry. ( from 牛津高階 )你敢再那樣叫我, 你就shi定了。

2)實(shí)義動詞這時就要考慮人稱、時態(tài)的問題了:>> 跟 need 一樣,常常是跟 to 連用:dare to do sth.She dares to use the F-word in front of the kids!她竟敢在小孩面前講臟話!>> 在否定句和疑問句中,帶不帶 to 都可以。He didn’t dare (to) tell her his feelings.

什么是英語情態(tài)動詞

其他答案

can和could

1.表示能力(could為can的過去式,表示過去的能力)

2.表示“允許”和“許可”

could與can沒有時間上的差別,用could比用can在語氣上更委婉、客氣,could一般用于疑問句中,肯定回答時要改用can

may和might的用法

1. 表示“允許、許可”,意為“可以”,在疑問句中用might比用may的語氣更加委婉,類似于can和could的用法。

其他答案

情態(tài)動詞(Modal verbs)本身有一定的詞義,表示語氣的單詞。但是不能獨(dú)立作謂語,只能和動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語

情態(tài)動詞must, may, might, could, can表示推測:

以must為例。must + do(be)是推測現(xiàn)在存在的一般狀態(tài)進(jìn)行;must + be doing 推測可能正在進(jìn)行的事情;must +have done是推測可能已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情。

1. must“肯定,一定”語氣強(qiáng),只用于肯定句中。

He must be a man from America. / He must be talking with his friend. / He must have already arrived there.

2. may和might“也許”,后者語氣弱,更沒有把握??捎糜诳隙ň浜头穸ň?。

He may not be at home. / They might have finished their task.

3. can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t語氣強(qiáng),用于肯定、否定、疑問句中。

The weather in that city could be cold now.

We could have walked there; it was so near.(推測某事本來可能發(fā)生,但實(shí)際上沒有發(fā)生)

Can he be in the office nowNo, he can’t be there, for I saw him in the library just now.(語氣很強(qiáng),常用于疑問句和否定句中)

【注意】:

1. 對現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測:

主要結(jié)構(gòu):…must / may / might +動詞原形

be+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語

be + doing

例句:

1. You must be Jeanne. I’m Mathilde Loisel. We used to know each other very well.

2. They must be in bed already at this time of the night.

3. The teacher must be joking.

4. Freda isn’t in class. She must be sick.

5. There must be something wrong.

6. She might be very clever, but she hasn’t got much common sense.

7. He may be arriving this evening.

8. He may be traveling around the world.

9. The keys can’t be in the room. I have just searched it very carefully.

10. Can the news be true

2.對過去的事實(shí)進(jìn)行推測:結(jié)構(gòu):情態(tài)動詞+have done / been+名詞/形容詞/介詞短語。例句:

1. Mrs. Longmans must have been a pretty girl in her youth.

2. He couldn’t have seen Anna yesterday. She’s gone abroad.

3. I think I must have left my glasses in the library.

4. He might have overslept again.

5. Where can Tom have gone

情態(tài)動詞表達(dá)虛擬語氣:表達(dá)“本來…”,“不然早就…”。這是情態(tài)動詞的一種虛擬語氣用法。表示說話人所講的與所發(fā)生的事實(shí)相反。表達(dá)了說話人的埋怨,后悔的語氣。其結(jié)構(gòu)是在一些情態(tài)動詞后面加 have done 結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)要表達(dá)的意思,有如下結(jié)構(gòu):

(1).should have done / ought to have done:本應(yīng)該……

(2).shouldn’t have done / oughtn’t to have done:本不該……

(3).could have done:本來可以……

(4).needn’t have done:本來沒必要……

(5).would like to have done:本來很想……

(6).would rather not have done: 本來不愿意……

(7).could / might / have done: 不然早就……

〈例句〉:

1. You shouldn’t have laughed at his mistakes.

2. You could have told us earlier.

3. You ought not to have spent so much time in reading novels.

4. We need not have been in a tearing hurry to catch the train.

5. They would like to have seen that film last film.

6. If he had given me his number, I could have telephoned him.

7. They might have been frozen to death but for the rescue in time.

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