經(jīng)濟(jì)是一個(gè)國(guó)家的命脈，現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)的人群越來(lái)越多，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的就業(yè)前景也很廣闊，而打算申請(qǐng)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)專業(yè)的學(xué)員可以選擇ap經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的課程，關(guān)于ap一對(duì)一經(jīng)濟(jì)，下面小編會(huì)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的介紹，主要是對(duì)其備考的知識(shí)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行詳解，希望學(xué)員可以認(rèn)真的閱讀。

ap經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)詳解：

Economics is the social science concerned with howindividuals,institutions,and society make optimal (best) choices underconditions of scarcity.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是一門(mén)社會(huì)科學(xué)，是研究關(guān)于個(gè)人、機(jī)構(gòu)和社會(huì)在資源稀缺的背景下如何做出最佳選擇的學(xué)科。由于資源有限，我們要利用已有的資源辦最多的事情，所以我們要學(xué)會(huì)合理分配資源。經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)正是要教給我們學(xué)習(xí)如何合理的使用和分配有限的資源。

An economy consists of the economicsystem of a country or other area,the labor,capital and land resources,andthe economic agents that socially participate in the production,exchange,distribution,and consumption of goods and services of that area.

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)備考知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)包括一個(gè)國(guó)家或一個(gè)地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系，勞動(dòng)力、資本和土地資源，以及從事生產(chǎn)、交換、分配和消費(fèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)體。我們分析經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的內(nèi)容，可以包括以下幾方面：

(一)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系。當(dāng)我們從事經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)時(shí)，必須在一個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)體系中并遵從這個(gè)體系的經(jīng)濟(jì)制度、經(jīng)濟(jì)法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)規(guī)范等內(nèi)容。這是經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的前提。

(二)經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)中要有經(jīng)濟(jì)主體。從一方面，經(jīng)濟(jì)主體可以包括許多買方和賣方。從另一方面看，經(jīng)濟(jì)主體也可以包括個(gè)人和公司。

(三)從事經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)需要使用生產(chǎn)要素。生產(chǎn)要素主要包括勞動(dòng)力、資本和土地等。

(四)從事經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)需要進(jìn)行一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)行為，如生產(chǎn)、交換、分配和消費(fèi)等活動(dòng)。

Microeconomics 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

Microeconomics focuses on the individual parts of theeconomy such as a person,a household,a firm,or an industry.

微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是研究個(gè)體行為，如個(gè)人、家庭、企業(yè)和行業(yè)。微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是供給和需求。

Macroeconomics 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)

Macroeconomics observes economy as a whole or itsbasic subdivisions,such as government and business sectors.

Macroeconomics speaks of such economic measures as realoutput(real GDp) and economic growth,unemployment,the general level of prices，balanceof payment,fiscal policy and financial policy.

宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是整體經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)，特別是政府的經(jīng)濟(jì)政策及其對(duì)國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心是就業(yè)、通貨膨脹、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，以及國(guó)家如何利用貨幣政策和財(cái)政政策來(lái)增加就業(yè)、減少通貨膨脹和促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)。

Scarce Resources 資源的稀缺性

Scarcity means that society has limited resources andcannot produce all the goods and provide all the services people wish to have.

Economics is the study of how society manages itsscarce resources.

資源的稀缺性是我們都理解的概念。人口增加和人們需求不斷增加等因素導(dǎo)致人類現(xiàn)有資源永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)法滿足社會(huì)上所有人的要求。合理利用現(xiàn)有資源，最大限度滿足社會(huì)對(duì)資源的需求。學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的目的就是要學(xué)會(huì)用合理手段解決資源的稀缺問(wèn)題。

Opportunity Cost 機(jī)會(huì)成本

The opportunity cost of an item is what we give up toget that item.

For example,opportunity costoccurs when a student decides to attend full-time college because he must giveup the possible jobs. In another example,if a family uses its $100000 savingsto purchase an automobile，the family cannot usethis sum of money to buy other goods,then opportunity cost occurs.

機(jī)會(huì)成本是為了得到某種東西而必須放棄的東西。例如：我們上大學(xué)占用了時(shí)間、精力、經(jīng)費(fèi)而不能用于其他地方。這些時(shí)間、精力和經(jīng)費(fèi)都是可以以成本形式計(jì)算出來(lái)，我們上大學(xué)的支出就不能用這些時(shí)間去找一份工作，就不能把學(xué)費(fèi)的支出花在別的地方。

Absolute Advantage 絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)

Absolute advantage means the comparison amongproducers of a good according to their productivity.

絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)是指生產(chǎn)者按照生產(chǎn)效率比較生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

ComparativeAdvantage 相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)

The producer who has the smaller opportunity cost ofproducing a good is said to have comparative advantage

相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)指在比較生產(chǎn)優(yōu)勢(shì)時(shí)，一個(gè)生產(chǎn)者以低于另一生產(chǎn)者的機(jī)會(huì)成本生產(chǎn)一種物品的情況，也就是說(shuō)我們要考慮生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)一樣物品而放棄生產(chǎn)另外一種物品，哪個(gè)生產(chǎn)者放棄生產(chǎn)的另外一種物品數(shù)量少，哪個(gè)生產(chǎn)者就具有相對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì)。

Marginal thinking 考慮邊際的思維

Marginal changes are small,incremental adjustments toan existing plan of action. When we learn economy,we must learn to think themargin. If we want to arrange our time for learning,whether we should spend hourlearning? If we produce one good,what is the marginal revenue and what is themarginal cost?

邊際的概念是微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的核心概念，在后面的章節(jié)中我們要大量使用邊際的概念。邊際變化主要指微小的變化量。比如生產(chǎn)商在決策是否多生產(chǎn)1個(gè)單位的產(chǎn)品，將會(huì)比較增加1個(gè)單位產(chǎn)品增加的收益(邊際收益)和增加1個(gè)單位產(chǎn)品增加的成本(邊際成本)。

Economic System andMarket Economy經(jīng)濟(jì)體制與市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)

Economic systems in the world can generally be groupedas traditional economy,command economy,market economy and mixed economy.

世界上經(jīng)濟(jì)體制大體可分為傳統(tǒng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制、市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制和混合經(jīng)濟(jì)體制。

Market is usually a good way to organize economicactivities because in a free market buyers and sellers can adjust their supplyand demand based on price and other factors. However,in some cases,market failureoccurs when the market fails to allocate resources efficiently,thengovernments can sometimes improve market outcomes.

經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)一般是通過(guò)價(jià)格等因素在市場(chǎng)上自行調(diào)節(jié)供需關(guān)系。但單靠市場(chǎng)有時(shí)候不能有效調(diào)節(jié)供需關(guān)系，特別是一些公共物品，如果單靠市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)，可能導(dǎo)致資源分配不合理。政府有時(shí)候要出面解決一些資源分配不合理的問(wèn)題，政府解決經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題主要靠財(cái)政政策和貨幣政策。

以上就是關(guān)于ap一對(duì)一經(jīng)濟(jì)的詳細(xì)介紹，學(xué)員要先掌握經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的概念，多做習(xí)題，如果學(xué)員連概念都沒(méi)有搞清楚，就大量做題這樣的效率會(huì)很低，學(xué)好經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)是為學(xué)員申請(qǐng)商科專業(yè)打下了很好的基礎(chǔ)，如果有什么疑問(wèn)的話，歡迎咨詢留求藝的老師。