美國本科經(jīng)濟學(xué)作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)之無差異曲線、寡頭壟斷與博弈論提到經(jīng)濟學(xué)，很多學(xué)生選擇出國留學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)深造經(jīng)濟學(xué)方面的內(nèi)容，不管是微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)還是宏觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)，都涉及了經(jīng)濟，那么這次美國留學(xué)生在經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)課上的作業(yè)“無差異曲線、寡頭壟斷與博弈論”該怎么完成呢?如何分析期優(yōu)缺點呢?下面美國本科經(jīng)濟學(xué)作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)老師來說說。

微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)旨在覆蓋我們經(jīng)濟生活的方方面面。本報告將討論、評估和評估微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)理論在達到這一目標(biāo)上的有用性和局限性。微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)是“研究個人做出的選擇以及這些選擇在給定市場中相互作用的方式”更簡單地說，微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)是稀缺資源的分配。微觀經(jīng)濟學(xué)有許多目標(biāo)，首要的是：公平、效率、增長和穩(wěn)定。本文將對寡頭壟斷理論的一般理論：無差別分析、博弈論和寡頭壟斷的市場結(jié)構(gòu)進行分析，分析其優(yōu)缺點及其在現(xiàn)實世界中的應(yīng)用。

Introduction: 簡介

Microeconomics aims to cover every aspects of our economic life. This report will discuss,evaluate and assess the usefulness and limitations of microeconomic theories in reaching that aim. Microeconomics is "The study of choices that individuals make and the way these choices will interact in given markets" (parkin et al. 2012,p.2) or put more simply,microeconomics is the allocation of scarce resources. There are a number of objectives of microeconomics,the foremost being; Equity,Efficiency,Growth and Stability. This report will examine the commonly used theories of; Indifference analysis,Game Theory and the market structure of Oligopoly; analysing the benefits and drawbacks and how they are applied in the real world.

Indifference Curve Analysis: 無差異曲線分析：

To answer questions about individual decision making indifference curve analysis is applied. Before looking at this model it is necessary to assume that the individual satisfies the four axioms of rational preference formulated by Savage (1954). These are; completeness,more is better,transitivity and convexity. Sugden (1991 p.761) describes these as "preferences over acts,where acts are made up of consequences."

A rational consumer will of course spend their money on the mix of products that give them most pleasure (Read 2007,p.45). However this will vary for each consumer,because each consumer will have different preferences. The consumer is constrained financially by their exogenous income to only be able to purchase bundles of goods X and Y on or below their budget line. This line does not always have to be straight,and in everyday applications it often is not. This is true with perfect compliments such as right and left shoes,the budget constraint will be stepped because a consumer will not gain much "util" (benefit) from having significantly more right shoes than left. An indifference curve is a graph showing a combination of two different goods that give the consumer equal satisfaction. There are four main properties of an indifference curve; it is ubiquitous,downward sloping,cannot cross and cannot become less steep. The marginal rate of substitution is the rate at which the consumer is willing to exchange one bundle,for another along the indifference curve (this is equal to the value of the slope). Diminishing marginal rate of substitution explains why the line is curved as seen in figure 1 (perloff,2012). The consumer will take any allocation of resources along each indifference curve (I1,I2,I3). Their utility is optimal where the indifference curve meets the budget constraint. It can be observed that I2 is tangent to the budget constraint at point 'e' therefore that is the rational and optimal choice,although I1 does also intersect part of the budget constraint (points 'a' and 'c'),the equilibrium of goods will be less desirable. Therefore that leaves I2 as the rational choice. However indifference curve analysis does not take into account the consumers preference to save instead of spend. This could cause point 'd' to be the most desirable option

以上是美國留學(xué)生經(jīng)濟學(xué)作業(yè)，關(guān)于“無差異曲線、寡頭壟斷與博弈論”的回答，如果我們在寫這樣論文式作業(yè)，對于這樣英文完成作業(yè)有些困難或者不知道怎么做，歡迎咨詢美國本科經(jīng)濟學(xué)作業(yè)輔導(dǎo)老師，幫助留學(xué)生快速完成經(jīng)濟學(xué)專業(yè)知識和復(fù)習(xí)。