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托福聽力出題常考詞匯及10大原則

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對于國內(nèi)考生來說,想要取得高分,是需要大家了解托福聽力評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,大家可以有針對性的進行備考和練習(xí)。下面小編為大家整理了托福聽力考試的10大做題原則供大家參考。

托福聽力出題??荚~匯及10大原則

首尾原則

開頭:托福聽力對話的主題通常是學(xué)生找教授或?qū)W校服務(wù)人員解決某一個問題,學(xué)生在對話的開頭會直接表明自己的目的。在聽力的開頭,教授常常指出講座的主題。因此,對話的開頭通常出主旨題。主旨題答案所對應(yīng)的原文信號詞和信號句:

主旨題答案所對應(yīng)的原文信號詞和信號句:

Conversation:

I have a problem/ issue with...

I've got some questions about...

I'm having a hard time...

I am here to talk about/ ask...

The thing is that...

The reason I wanted to talk to you is ...

I'm interested in...

Lecture:

Today/ Now,I'd like to/ I want to talkabout...

Today/ Now,let's look at...

For today's discussion,we'll...

結(jié)尾:在聽力對話的結(jié)尾,教授和學(xué)生常會達(dá)成結(jié)論,因此常出細(xì)節(jié)題或推斷題,問接下來學(xué)生或教授會做什么。表示結(jié)尾的信號詞有:

So,in conclusion,to conclude,we can assume...,conclude that...

建議原則

建議原則主要用于對話中,當(dāng)教授或?qū)W校服務(wù)人員給學(xué)生提出建議時,常設(shè)為出題點。對于這個出題原則的把握,主要還是要熟悉表示建議的句型:

Why not/Why don't you...

You should...

What about/ How about...

You'd better...

I suggest/ recommend...

Have you tried...

定義及概念解釋原則

聽力講座中教授常常會介紹新概念,討論新理論及表達(dá)新觀點。當(dāng)教授介紹新概念時,常常用下定義或解釋概念的方式。定義或解釋常常出現(xiàn)于講座開始或分論點開始的地方,術(shù)語主要出題點。表示下定義的信號詞和信號句:

術(shù)語在前,解釋在后:

...in other words...

...namely...

...as we know...

...is called...

...refers to...

...can be defined as...

...is the word for...

what do I mean by...?

How can we define...?

When I use...,I mean...

解釋在前,術(shù)語在后:

that is why they are called...

... are(is) known as...

The general definition of... is...

列舉及特點原則

就講座的結(jié)構(gòu)而言教授最常用的講座方式有兩種。一種是橫向,分要點或分小項講解事物、現(xiàn)象或理論;另一種是縱向,按年代或分階段講解事件順序、理論發(fā)展或演變過程。在講解的過程中教授常常列舉各要點、小項或各年代、階段的重要細(xì)節(jié)尤其是特點。列舉要點及小項常用的信號詞和信號句有:

There are three kinds of...

We'll be looking at a couple of ways to...

First,let's look at...

My next pint is...

Another thing is that...

Antoher thing we need to discuss is...

比較原則

做比較是常用的一種聽力考察方式,尤其是比較事物的優(yōu)缺點或理論的合理性時。做比較時常用比較級、最高級及一般比較信號詞。一般比較信號詞有:

表示相似點:

similarly,likewise,like,relatively,the same as,be equal to,...

表示對比或區(qū)別:

on the contrary,on the other hand,however,whereas,in comparison to,be different from,rather than,instead of..

列舉原則

在舉描述或解釋的例子時常常出題,答案往往在例子前面的陳述或觀點里。因此例子本身不用做詳細(xì)的筆記,只需要用一兩個詞標(biāo)記即可,但是例子之前的陳述或觀點是需要做筆記的。表示舉例的信號詞和信號句有:

For example,...

For instance,...

To examplify,...

To illustrate,...

Like...

Such as...

Take... as an example...

Take something like this,

Let's consider the case of...

有時教授會提及一個例子、故事或經(jīng)歷等表面上和講座主題沒有直接關(guān)系的信息,我們稱為離題信息,也常常遵循舉例原則。表示離題的信號詞和信號句:

離題開始:

Before I go on...

By the way...

Let me talk about... for a minute.

I'd like to tell you about...

That reminds me of a story...

離題結(jié)束:

Now,Anyway,Okay...

Back to what we are talking about,

Getting back to what I was saying.

I don't want to get too far off topic here.

轉(zhuǎn)折原則

因為轉(zhuǎn)折表明方向發(fā)生改變,因此在對話或講座中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折出常常出題。因此凡是對話或講座中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,均需要記筆記。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的常用信號詞:

on the other hand,but,however,yet,eventhough,while,unfortunately,unless,in fact,actually,yet,only,still,nevertheless,whereas,on the contrary...

強調(diào)原則

托福聽力中表示強調(diào)的方式主要有語氣強調(diào)和語義強調(diào)兩種。語氣強調(diào),就是說話人以重度、停頓和重復(fù)等方式表示強調(diào)。語義強調(diào),就是說話人以特定句型或表達(dá)法表示強調(diào)。

Rember,...

Keep in mind,...

Be sure to note that...

Pay special attention to...

I'm gonna repeat this,...

And agian,...

Most importantly,...

Especially,...

Extremely,...

Actually,...

因果原則

對話和講座都??家蚬P(guān)系,原因尤其可能稱為出題點,因此需要特別注意。表示因果的信號詞有:

Result——Reason:

because (of),since,due to,as result of,refulting from,on account of,owing to,be attricuted to...,the reason is....

Reason---Result:

cause,lead to,result in,reason for,brong to/about,give rise to,aim at,in order to,bring on,conduce,induce,make for,with the aim of...,that is why...,as a result...

問題與評價原則

對話和講座中,當(dāng)教授提出一個問題或就某一個問題或事件做出評價時,常常出題。表示指出問題的信號詞和信號句有:

The main problem is...

There was a question/issue/problem...

It's hard to know/tell/prove that...

It's not clear that...

表示評價的信號詞和信號句有:

I think...

I believe...

Humm,...I guess...

The professor/theory says...

It speaks...

It isn't correct to say...

Like I said,there could be...

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