托福聽力出題常考詞匯及10大原則
- 張濤
- 2025-07-19 10:01
- 77
- 手機版
對于國內(nèi)考生來說,想要取得高分,是需要大家了解托福聽力評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的,大家可以有針對性的進行備考和練習(xí)。下面小編為大家整理了托福聽力考試的10大做題原則供大家參考。
首尾原則
開頭:托福聽力對話的主題通常是學(xué)生找教授或?qū)W校服務(wù)人員解決某一個問題,學(xué)生在對話的開頭會直接表明自己的目的。在聽力的開頭,教授常常指出講座的主題。因此,對話的開頭通常出主旨題。主旨題答案所對應(yīng)的原文信號詞和信號句:
主旨題答案所對應(yīng)的原文信號詞和信號句:
Conversation:
I have a problem/ issue with...
I've got some questions about...
I'm having a hard time...
I am here to talk about/ ask...
The thing is that...
The reason I wanted to talk to you is ...
I'm interested in...
Lecture:
Today/ Now,I'd like to/ I want to talkabout...
Today/ Now,let's look at...
For today's discussion,we'll...
結(jié)尾:在聽力對話的結(jié)尾,教授和學(xué)生常會達(dá)成結(jié)論,因此常出細(xì)節(jié)題或推斷題,問接下來學(xué)生或教授會做什么。表示結(jié)尾的信號詞有:
So,in conclusion,to conclude,we can assume...,conclude that...
建議原則
建議原則主要用于對話中,當(dāng)教授或?qū)W校服務(wù)人員給學(xué)生提出建議時,常設(shè)為出題點。對于這個出題原則的把握,主要還是要熟悉表示建議的句型:
Why not/Why don't you...
You should...
What about/ How about...
You'd better...
I suggest/ recommend...
Have you tried...
定義及概念解釋原則
聽力講座中教授常常會介紹新概念,討論新理論及表達(dá)新觀點。當(dāng)教授介紹新概念時,常常用下定義或解釋概念的方式。定義或解釋常常出現(xiàn)于講座開始或分論點開始的地方,術(shù)語主要出題點。表示下定義的信號詞和信號句:
術(shù)語在前,解釋在后:
...in other words...
...namely...
...as we know...
...is called...
...refers to...
...can be defined as...
...is the word for...
what do I mean by...?
How can we define...?
When I use...,I mean...
解釋在前,術(shù)語在后:
that is why they are called...
... are(is) known as...
The general definition of... is...
列舉及特點原則
就講座的結(jié)構(gòu)而言教授最常用的講座方式有兩種。一種是橫向,分要點或分小項講解事物、現(xiàn)象或理論;另一種是縱向,按年代或分階段講解事件順序、理論發(fā)展或演變過程。在講解的過程中教授常常列舉各要點、小項或各年代、階段的重要細(xì)節(jié)尤其是特點。列舉要點及小項常用的信號詞和信號句有:
There are three kinds of...
We'll be looking at a couple of ways to...
First,let's look at...
My next pint is...
Another thing is that...
Antoher thing we need to discuss is...
比較原則
做比較是常用的一種聽力考察方式,尤其是比較事物的優(yōu)缺點或理論的合理性時。做比較時常用比較級、最高級及一般比較信號詞。一般比較信號詞有:
表示相似點:
similarly,likewise,like,relatively,the same as,be equal to,...
表示對比或區(qū)別:
on the contrary,on the other hand,however,whereas,in comparison to,be different from,rather than,instead of..
列舉原則
在舉描述或解釋的例子時常常出題,答案往往在例子前面的陳述或觀點里。因此例子本身不用做詳細(xì)的筆記,只需要用一兩個詞標(biāo)記即可,但是例子之前的陳述或觀點是需要做筆記的。表示舉例的信號詞和信號句有:
For example,...
For instance,...
To examplify,...
To illustrate,...
Like...
Such as...
Take... as an example...
Take something like this,
Let's consider the case of...
有時教授會提及一個例子、故事或經(jīng)歷等表面上和講座主題沒有直接關(guān)系的信息,我們稱為離題信息,也常常遵循舉例原則。表示離題的信號詞和信號句:
離題開始:
Before I go on...
By the way...
Let me talk about... for a minute.
I'd like to tell you about...
That reminds me of a story...
離題結(jié)束:
Now,Anyway,Okay...
Back to what we are talking about,
Getting back to what I was saying.
I don't want to get too far off topic here.
轉(zhuǎn)折原則
因為轉(zhuǎn)折表明方向發(fā)生改變,因此在對話或講座中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折出常常出題。因此凡是對話或講座中出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折,均需要記筆記。表示轉(zhuǎn)折的常用信號詞:
on the other hand,but,however,yet,eventhough,while,unfortunately,unless,in fact,actually,yet,only,still,nevertheless,whereas,on the contrary...
強調(diào)原則
托福聽力中表示強調(diào)的方式主要有語氣強調(diào)和語義強調(diào)兩種。語氣強調(diào),就是說話人以重度、停頓和重復(fù)等方式表示強調(diào)。語義強調(diào),就是說話人以特定句型或表達(dá)法表示強調(diào)。
Rember,...
Keep in mind,...
Be sure to note that...
Pay special attention to...
I'm gonna repeat this,...
And agian,...
Most importantly,...
Especially,...
Extremely,...
Actually,...
因果原則
對話和講座都??家蚬P(guān)系,原因尤其可能稱為出題點,因此需要特別注意。表示因果的信號詞有:
Result——Reason:
because (of),since,due to,as result of,refulting from,on account of,owing to,be attricuted to...,the reason is....
Reason---Result:
cause,lead to,result in,reason for,brong to/about,give rise to,aim at,in order to,bring on,conduce,induce,make for,with the aim of...,that is why...,as a result...
問題與評價原則
對話和講座中,當(dāng)教授提出一個問題或就某一個問題或事件做出評價時,常常出題。表示指出問題的信號詞和信號句有:
The main problem is...
There was a question/issue/problem...
It's hard to know/tell/prove that...
It's not clear that...
表示評價的信號詞和信號句有:
I think...
I believe...
Humm,...I guess...
The professor/theory says...
It speaks...
It isn't correct to say...
Like I said,there could be...
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