等大家考完試，就要開(kāi)始辛辛苦苦寫(xiě)essay了。寫(xiě)文書(shū)有什么禁忌嗎？怎么寫(xiě)出美國(guó)人心目中的好文書(shū)呢？今天為大家總結(jié)了小技巧。

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1.慎用美式英語(yǔ)中一些含有否定意義的詞匯

Be careful of using wors that have a negative meaning in American English. The wor “propagana,” for example,means something like “government-controlle brainwashing” in the US. (Your best choice is to use the wors “marketing” or“publicity” if you want to inicate that you organize a campaign to raise awareness of a certain problem.)

Likewise,in the US we o not use the wors“cripple” an “retare”; we use “hanicappe” (or even better,“isable”) an“evelopmentally isable” or “mentally challenge.” We on’t call ol people“ol people”—we call them “elers” or “the elerly.” An we prefer “businessperson” or “business professional” to “businessman.”

慎用美式英語(yǔ)中一些含有否定意義的詞匯。例如，“propagana”這個(gè)詞在美國(guó)就有點(diǎn)“政府洗腦式”的宣傳的意思了。（如果你想要表達(dá)你發(fā)起一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)來(lái)提高人們對(duì)于某一問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)的話，最好選用“marketing”或是“publicity”。）

同樣的，在美國(guó)，也不會(huì)用“cripple”或者是“retare”之類(lèi)的詞，取而代之的是“hanicappe”（isable更好）以及“evelopmentally isable”或“mentally isable”。我們?cè)诜Q(chēng)呼老人時(shí)也不直接用“ol people”，而是用“elers”或是“the elerly”。我們也不經(jīng)常用“businessman”，而是用“businessperson”或“business professional ”。

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2.變換句子的長(zhǎng)短

Vary the length of the sentences in your essay. If you have written several long sentences in a row,insert a short sentence to give the reaer a break. Variety in your sentences will make your essay easier to rea (an thus more memorable).

It also emonstrates that you have a superior comman of the English language. An on’t be afrai of incluing a one-sentence paragraph. Aone-sentence paragraph (especially at the beginning or en of your essay) will be very ramatic an grab the reaer’s attention.

變換句子的長(zhǎng)短。如果你已經(jīng)連續(xù)用了幾個(gè)長(zhǎng)句，那么插入一個(gè)短句能給讀者一個(gè)停頓的時(shí)間。句式多樣化能夠使你的短文更容易懂，因而也更容易讓人記住。這樣的句式變換也證明你的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言掌握的比較好。同時(shí)不要害怕運(yùn)用一句式段落。一句式段落，（尤其是在短文的開(kāi)頭結(jié)尾）會(huì)很出彩，也會(huì)吸引讀者的注意力。

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3.不要試圖費(fèi)力地運(yùn)用一些特別長(zhǎng)的句子或者特別大的詞匯

If English is your secon language,on’t try to make it har on yourself by writing really long sentences an using large vocabulary wors. (Don’t say “internationalization”; just say“international.”

Why use “metropolis” when you can just use “city”?) Remember that the reaers are not hoping to be impresse by your vocabulary—they want tobe impresse by your story.

如果英語(yǔ)是你的第二語(yǔ)言，那么不要試圖費(fèi)力地運(yùn)用一些特別長(zhǎng)的句子或者特別大的詞匯。（不要用“internationalization”，用“international”就好了。另外，如果你可以用“city”，為什么要用“metropolis”呢？）記住，讀者并不希望被你的詞匯打動(dòng)，而是被你的故事所打動(dòng)。

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4.對(duì)自己研究過(guò)的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說(shuō)明

If you are applying to grauate school,your personal statement will nee to inclue etaile evience of your research. For example,if you are applying toa grauate program in biology,your PS shoul inclue specific escriptions of experiences you have ha,such as research projects,internships,work in biological laboratories,an such.

The other key elements for grauate stuy applications are what you want to stuy,the fiel you are intereste in,the backgroun you have,why you have chosen this particular program,an your plans after grauation.

如果你正在申請(qǐng)研究生院校，那么你的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷就需要包括你研究項(xiàng)目的一些詳細(xì)的說(shuō)明。例如，如果你正在申請(qǐng)生物專(zhuān)業(yè)的研究生項(xiàng)目，那么你的個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷就需要對(duì)你的研究經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述，比如你的研究項(xiàng)目，實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，以及在生物實(shí)驗(yàn)這方面的工作等等。研究生學(xué)習(xí)申請(qǐng)的其他的一些關(guān)鍵因素還包括：你想要研究什么，你對(duì)哪一個(gè)領(lǐng)域感興趣，你的個(gè)人背景，選擇這一研究項(xiàng)目的原因以及畢業(yè)后的打算。

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5.避免運(yùn)用一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?/strong>

Avoi using inappropriate reasons for why a particular college is attractive to you. (I have actually seen essays where the applicant escribe how much he “l(fā)ove” the University of Chicago an wante to ate her,an another where the applicant wrote that NYU was attractive because she just love the color purple on theNYU website.) You must rea the website carefully to iscover specific programs,activities,curricula,istinguishe professors (an the like) that you can point to an say,“THIS is why I want to go to University X.”

在說(shuō)明某所大學(xué)為何對(duì)你有吸引力時(shí)，避免運(yùn)用一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)睦碛伞＃ㄔ?jīng)看過(guò)申請(qǐng)者在短文中描述自己是如何如何熱愛(ài)芝加哥大學(xué)，并想要和它約會(huì)的，而另一個(gè)人則在短文中說(shuō)紐約大學(xué)吸引她僅僅是因?yàn)樗矚g紐約大學(xué)網(wǎng)站上的紫色）。

你必須仔細(xì)瀏覽學(xué)校官方網(wǎng)站，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)一些具體的項(xiàng)目、活動(dòng)、課程，以及著名的教授，諸如此類(lèi)的，然后你就可以在短文中指出這就是你想要去XX大學(xué)的原因。

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6.不要只在短文中陳述學(xué)校多么好

Do not tell the school how goo it is. “I want to atten the prestigiousUniversity X because it is a top US college with an international reputation,”just souns insincere.

不要只在短文中陳述學(xué)校多么好?！拔蚁胍暾?qǐng)著名的XX大學(xué)，因?yàn)樗敲绹?guó)一所頂尖的大學(xué)，在國(guó)際上都享有盛譽(yù)?！边@樣說(shuō)的話會(huì)顯得不真誠(chéng)。

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7.吸引讀者的眼球

Catch the reaer’s attention in the first sentence of your essay by writing something ramatic or humorous. In one excellent essay I rea,the applicant (hoping to major in entomology),wrote this: “Ahhhh! There are bugs in the shampoo!‘Doesn’t that make you want to rea more? (He then went on to escribe how his mother ha foun one of his “science experiments” involving insects,an how experiences like this mae him want to stuy entomology.)

在短文的開(kāi)頭寫(xiě)一些富有戲劇性的或者是幽默的東西，以吸引讀者的眼球。曾有一篇優(yōu)秀的短文，申請(qǐng)人想要修昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)專(zhuān)業(yè)，開(kāi)頭他是這樣寫(xiě)的：“啊，洗發(fā)露里竟然有蟲(chóng)子！讀完，難道你不會(huì)想要繼續(xù)讀下去嗎？（接下來(lái)他又描述了他的母親如何發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的一次昆蟲(chóng)“科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，以及這些經(jīng)歷是怎樣使他最終想要研究昆蟲(chóng)學(xué)的。）

【微語(yǔ)】愿你走出半生，歸來(lái)仍是少年。愿你留學(xué)一遭，回首有愛(ài)相伴。