等大家考完試，就要開始辛辛苦苦寫essay了。寫文書有什么禁忌嗎？怎么寫出美國人心目中的好文書呢？今天為大家總結(jié)了小技巧。

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1.慎用美式英語中一些含有否定意義的詞匯

Be careful of using wors that have a negative meaning in American English. The wor “propagana,” for example,means something like “government-controlle brainwashing” in the US. (Your best choice is to use the wors “marketing” or“publicity” if you want to inicate that you organize a campaign to raise awareness of a certain problem.)

Likewise,in the US we o not use the wors“cripple” an “retare”; we use “hanicappe” (or even better,“isable”) an“evelopmentally isable” or “mentally challenge.” We on’t call ol people“ol people”—we call them “elers” or “the elerly.” An we prefer “businessperson” or “business professional” to “businessman.”

慎用美式英語中一些含有否定意義的詞匯。例如，“propagana”這個詞在美國就有點(diǎn)“政府洗腦式”的宣傳的意思了。（如果你想要表達(dá)你發(fā)起一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動來提高人們對于某一問題的認(rèn)識的話，最好選用“marketing”或是“publicity”。）

同樣的，在美國，也不會用“cripple”或者是“retare”之類的詞，取而代之的是“hanicappe”（isable更好）以及“evelopmentally isable”或“mentally isable”。我們在稱呼老人時也不直接用“ol people”，而是用“elers”或是“the elerly”。我們也不經(jīng)常用“businessman”，而是用“businessperson”或“business professional ”。

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2.變換句子的長短

Vary the length of the sentences in your essay. If you have written several long sentences in a row,insert a short sentence to give the reaer a break. Variety in your sentences will make your essay easier to rea (an thus more memorable).

It also emonstrates that you have a superior comman of the English language. An on’t be afrai of incluing a one-sentence paragraph. Aone-sentence paragraph (especially at the beginning or en of your essay) will be very ramatic an grab the reaer’s attention.

變換句子的長短。如果你已經(jīng)連續(xù)用了幾個長句，那么插入一個短句能給讀者一個停頓的時間。句式多樣化能夠使你的短文更容易懂，因而也更容易讓人記住。這樣的句式變換也證明你的英語語言掌握的比較好。同時不要害怕運(yùn)用一句式段落。一句式段落，（尤其是在短文的開頭結(jié)尾）會很出彩，也會吸引讀者的注意力。

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3.不要試圖費(fèi)力地運(yùn)用一些特別長的句子或者特別大的詞匯

If English is your secon language,on’t try to make it har on yourself by writing really long sentences an using large vocabulary wors. (Don’t say “internationalization”; just say“international.”

Why use “metropolis” when you can just use “city”?) Remember that the reaers are not hoping to be impresse by your vocabulary—they want tobe impresse by your story.

如果英語是你的第二語言，那么不要試圖費(fèi)力地運(yùn)用一些特別長的句子或者特別大的詞匯。（不要用“internationalization”，用“international”就好了。另外，如果你可以用“city”，為什么要用“metropolis”呢？）記住，讀者并不希望被你的詞匯打動，而是被你的故事所打動。

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4.對自己研究過的項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行詳細(xì)說明

If you are applying to grauate school,your personal statement will nee to inclue etaile evience of your research. For example,if you are applying toa grauate program in biology,your PS shoul inclue specific escriptions of experiences you have ha,such as research projects,internships,work in biological laboratories,an such.

The other key elements for grauate stuy applications are what you want to stuy,the fiel you are intereste in,the backgroun you have,why you have chosen this particular program,an your plans after grauation.

如果你正在申請研究生院校，那么你的個人簡歷就需要包括你研究項(xiàng)目的一些詳細(xì)的說明。例如，如果你正在申請生物專業(yè)的研究生項(xiàng)目，那么你的個人簡歷就需要對你的研究經(jīng)歷進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的描述，比如你的研究項(xiàng)目，實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷，以及在生物實(shí)驗(yàn)這方面的工作等等。研究生學(xué)習(xí)申請的其他的一些關(guān)鍵因素還包括：你想要研究什么，你對哪一個領(lǐng)域感興趣，你的個人背景，選擇這一研究項(xiàng)目的原因以及畢業(yè)后的打算。

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5.避免運(yùn)用一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?/strong>

Avoi using inappropriate reasons for why a particular college is attractive to you. (I have actually seen essays where the applicant escribe how much he “l(fā)ove” the University of Chicago an wante to ate her,an another where the applicant wrote that NYU was attractive because she just love the color purple on theNYU website.) You must rea the website carefully to iscover specific programs,activities,curricula,istinguishe professors (an the like) that you can point to an say,“THIS is why I want to go to University X.”

在說明某所大學(xué)為何對你有吸引力時，避免運(yùn)用一些不恰當(dāng)?shù)睦碛?。（曾?jīng)看過申請者在短文中描述自己是如何如何熱愛芝加哥大學(xué)，并想要和它約會的，而另一個人則在短文中說紐約大學(xué)吸引她僅僅是因?yàn)樗矚g紐約大學(xué)網(wǎng)站上的紫色）。

你必須仔細(xì)瀏覽學(xué)校官方網(wǎng)站，以便發(fā)現(xiàn)一些具體的項(xiàng)目、活動、課程，以及著名的教授，諸如此類的，然后你就可以在短文中指出這就是你想要去XX大學(xué)的原因。

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6.不要只在短文中陳述學(xué)校多么好

Do not tell the school how goo it is. “I want to atten the prestigiousUniversity X because it is a top US college with an international reputation,”just souns insincere.

不要只在短文中陳述學(xué)校多么好。“我想要申請著名的XX大學(xué)，因?yàn)樗敲绹凰敿獾拇髮W(xué)，在國際上都享有盛譽(yù)?！边@樣說的話會顯得不真誠。

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7.吸引讀者的眼球

Catch the reaer’s attention in the first sentence of your essay by writing something ramatic or humorous. In one excellent essay I rea,the applicant (hoping to major in entomology),wrote this: “Ahhhh! There are bugs in the shampoo!‘Doesn’t that make you want to rea more? (He then went on to escribe how his mother ha foun one of his “science experiments” involving insects,an how experiences like this mae him want to stuy entomology.)

在短文的開頭寫一些富有戲劇性的或者是幽默的東西，以吸引讀者的眼球。曾有一篇優(yōu)秀的短文，申請人想要修昆蟲學(xué)專業(yè)，開頭他是這樣寫的：“啊，洗發(fā)露里竟然有蟲子！讀完，難道你不會想要繼續(xù)讀下去嗎？（接下來他又描述了他的母親如何發(fā)現(xiàn)了他的一次昆蟲“科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)”，以及這些經(jīng)歷是怎樣使他最終想要研究昆蟲學(xué)的。）

【微語】愿你走出半生，歸來仍是少年。愿你留學(xué)一遭，回首有愛相伴。