全面解析屬于STEM項目的53個工程專業(yè)

首先,我們對 STEM 計劃進(jìn)行一下簡單的介紹:
什么是STEM?
STEM 由科學(xué) (Science) 、技術(shù) (Technology) 、工程 (Engineer) 和數(shù)學(xué) (Mathematics) 首字母組成,是美國鼓勵學(xué)生主修科學(xué)、技術(shù)、工程及數(shù)學(xué)的一項計劃。在美國國土安全局網(wǎng)站上可以查到一個長長的屬于 STEM 計劃的專業(yè)列表,比如化工、計算機(jī)科學(xué)、物理、數(shù)學(xué)、生物科學(xué)和航空航天等理工科。
STEM有什么好處?
對于國際學(xué)生來說,畢業(yè)之后想找工作就要申請 OPT(Optional Practical Training),有了 OPT 才可以在美國合法實習(xí)、工作,但是 OPT 都是有一定時間限制的。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的 OPT 只有一年時間,也就是說如果畢業(yè)生一年之內(nèi)無法拿到 H1B 工作簽證,就必須離開美國了。
但是 STEM 專業(yè)的畢業(yè)生可以申請額外 24 個月的 OPT 延期,也就是說他們將擁有總共 36 個月的 OPT 時間用來找工作并申請 H1B 工作簽證。因此,選擇 STEM 項目,對于國際學(xué)生在美國找工作來說是莫大的優(yōu)勢 !
商科屬于STEM專業(yè)嗎?
傳統(tǒng)商科如金融 ( 金融工程除外 ) 、會計等顯然不是 STEM 專業(yè),但是,近年來隨著大數(shù)據(jù)的興起,數(shù)據(jù)分析項目如雨后春筍一般在美國商學(xué)院興起。由于這些項目與數(shù)學(xué)、統(tǒng)計及信息科學(xué)有大量的交叉,因此十分具備成為 STEM 專業(yè)的資質(zhì)。
另有一些學(xué)校商學(xué)院的信息系統(tǒng)管理 (Information Management) 項目也紛紛增加了數(shù)據(jù)分析的方向。但是,目前來看,擁有 STEM 標(biāo)簽的商學(xué)院數(shù)據(jù)分析項目仍然是少數(shù)。
美國官方認(rèn)定的 53個 STEM專業(yè):
| |
---|
專業(yè)代碼及名稱相關(guān)項目
14.0101) Engineering,General.工程學(xué)
14.0102) Pre-Engineering.工程預(yù)科[Pre-Engineering Transfer Program]
14.0201) Aerospace,Aeronautical an Astronautical/Space Engineering.航天,航空,航空航天工程[Aeronautical Engineering][Astronautical Engineering][Space Systems Engineering][Space Facilities Engineering][Missile Systems Engineering][Aeroelasticity][Aeroynamics][Air-Breathing Propulsion][Stability an Control][Astroynamics][Guiance an Control][Aerospace Navigation]
14.0301) Agricultural Engineering.農(nóng)業(yè)工程[Bioprocessing Engineering][Foo Engineering][Soil Engineering]
14.0401) Architectural Engineering.建筑工程
14.0501) Bioengineering an Biomeical Engineering.生物工程與生物醫(yī)學(xué)工程[Cell an Tissue Engineering][Neural Engineering][Biomaterials Engineering][Biomechanics]
14.0601) Ceramic Sciences an Engineering.陶瓷科學(xué)與工程
14.0701) Chemical Engineering.化學(xué)工程
14.0702) Chemical an Biomolecular Engineering.化學(xué)與生物分子工程
14.0799) Chemical Engineering,Other.
14.0801) Civil Engineering,General.土木工程
14.0802) Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering.巖土工程與環(huán)境巖土工程[Geotechnical Engineering][Geoenvironmental Engineering][Geotechnical an Geoenvironmental Engineering]
14.0803) Structural Engineering.結(jié)構(gòu)工程
14.0804) Transportation an Highway Engineering.交通運(yùn)輸工程
14.0805) Water Resources Engineering.水資源工程
14.0899) Civil Engineering,Other.其他類別的土木工程
14.0901) Computer Engineering,General.計算機(jī)工程[Computer Systems Engineering]
14.0902) Computer Harware Engineering.計算機(jī)硬件工程
14.0903) Computer Software Engineering.計算機(jī)軟件工程
14.0999) Computer Engineering,Other.計算機(jī)工程,其他
14.1001) Electrical an Electronics Engineering電子電氣工程[Electrical Engineering][Total Ship Systems Engineering][Electroynamic Engineering]
14.1003) Laser an Optical Engineering.激光與光學(xué)工學(xué)工程[Electro-Optic Engineering][Optical Engineering]
14.1004) Telecommunications Engineering.電信工程[Communications Systems Engineering]
14.1099) Electrical,Electronics an Communications Engineering,Other.
14.1101) Engineering Mechanics.工程力學(xué)
14.1201) Engineering Physics/Applie Physics.工程物理及應(yīng)用物理[Applie Physics][Directe Energy/Laser Physics][Semiconuctor Physics]
14.1301) Engineering Science.工程科學(xué)
14.1401) Environmental/Environmental Health Engineering.環(huán)境與環(huán)境健康工程[Environmental Engineering][Environmental Management Engineering]
14.1801) Materials Engineering.材料工程[Materials Processing an Manufacturing][Materials Science Engineering]
14.1901) Mechanical Engineering.機(jī)械工程
14.2001) metallurgical Engineering.冶金工程
14.2101) Mining an Mineral Engineering.采礦與礦物工程
14.2201) Naval Architecture an Marine Engineering.造船與海洋工程
14.2301) Nuclear Engineering.核工程[Nuclear Reactor Engineering][Nuclear Fuels][Nuclear Power Engineering][Nuclear Raiation an Shieling][Nuclear Instrumentation an Measurement]
14.2401) Ocean Engineering.海洋工程
14.2501) Petroleum Engineering.石油工程
14.2701) Systems Engineering.系統(tǒng)工程[Inustrial/Manufacturing Systems Engineering][Prouct Development Engineering][Logistics Engineering][Systems Engineering Management][Capability-base Systems][Optimization][Moeling an Simulation][Decision Engineering][Dynamical Systems]
14.2801) Textile Sciences an Engineering.紡織科學(xué)與工程
14.3201) Polymer/Plastics Engineering.聚合物 / 塑料工程
14.3301) Construction Engineering.建設(shè)工程[Construction Engineering an Management]
14.3401) Forest Engineering.森林工程
14.3501) Inustrial Engineering.工業(yè)工程
14.3601) Manufacturing Engineering.制造工程
14.3701) Operations Research.運(yùn)籌學(xué)[Decision Support Systems][Decision Analysis][Operations Analysis][Simulation][Operational Sciences]
14.3801) Surveying Engineering.測量工程
14.3901) Geological/Geophysical Engineering.地質(zhì) / 地球物理工程
14.4001) Paper Science an Engineering.造紙科學(xué)與工程
14.4101) Electromechanical Engineering.機(jī)電工程
14.4201) Mechatronics,Robotics,an Automation Engineering.機(jī)電一體化,機(jī)器人技術(shù)和自動化工程
14.4301) Biochemical Engineering.生物化學(xué)工程[Biochemical Engineering][Chemical an Biochemical Engineering]
14.4401) Engineering Chemistry.工程化學(xué)
14.4501) Biological/Biosystems Engineering.生物 / 生物系統(tǒng)工程[Biological Engineering][Biosystems Engineering][Biological Systems Engineering][Biomass Engineering][Biological/Biosystems Engineering]
14.9999) Engineering,Other.工程,其他
注釋:工程專業(yè) STEM 項目列表 ( 中文翻譯可能存在異議,請以英文名稱為準(zhǔn) )
【微語】跨出國門,人生開始新的旅程。一路上,難免會有荊棘風(fēng)暴與雷鳴。相信你會以堅實的腳步,不懈地向成功邁進(jìn)。