引述或引用是指你在作品中通過正確的方法使用了其他作者的觀點。抄襲則是指有意或無意地將別人的作品/觀點作為自己的作品/觀點使用。不恰當?shù)囊隹赡軙е鲁u問題，這就是為什么要遵循特定引用風格的的原因。我們在使用直接引用、間接引用、轉(zhuǎn)述時如何避免抄襲呢？以下方法(以MLA格式為例)可供大家參考。

1、用一個完整的句子后跟一個冒號來引入一個引語。

示例：

The setting emphasizes deception: "Nothing is as it appears" (Smith 1).

piercy ends the poem on an ironic note: "To every woman a happy ending" (25).

2、用你自己的話開始一個句子，然后用引用完成這句話。

示例：

Hamlet's task is to avenge a "foul and most unnatural murder" (Shakespeare 925).

The speaker is mystified by her sleeping baby,whose "moth-breath / flickers among the flat pink roses" (plath 17).

3、使用一個介紹性的短語來命名出處，后面加一個逗號來引用其他作者的話。

示例：

According to Smith,"[W]riting is fun" (215).

In Smith's words," . . .

In Smith's view," . . .

4、用一個描述性的動詞，后跟一個逗號來介紹其他作者的話。

示例：

Smith states,"This book is terrific" (102).

Smith remarks," . . .

Smith writes," . . .

Smith notes," . . .

Smith comments," . . .

Smith observes," . . .

Smith concludes," . . .

Smith reports," . . .

Smith maintains," . . .

Smith adds," . . .

5、如果你的引語以that或as結尾，就不要在其后加逗號。

示例：

Smith points out that "millions of students would like to burn this book" (53).

Smith emphasizes that " . . .

In Smith's view," . . .

Smith interprets the hand washing in MacBeth as "an attempt at absolution" (106).

Smith describes the novel as "a celebration of human experience" (233).

通過上述方法，應該就能避免在引述時出現(xiàn)抄襲問題。不過，建議同學避免在論文中使用太多直接引語。使用大量直接引語會影響你的觀點，削弱你的論點，讓你失去讀者的信任。盡量不要在一個段落中使用一個以上的直接引語。相反，你可以使用意譯來支持你的想法。