引述或引用是指你在作品中通過(guò)正確的方法使用了其他作者的觀點(diǎn)。抄襲則是指有意或無(wú)意地將別人的作品/觀點(diǎn)作為自己的作品/觀點(diǎn)使用。不恰當(dāng)?shù)囊隹赡軙?huì)導(dǎo)致抄襲問(wèn)題，這就是為什么要遵循特定引用風(fēng)格的的原因。我們?cè)谑褂弥苯右?、間接引用、轉(zhuǎn)述時(shí)如何避免抄襲呢？以下方法(以MLA格式為例)可供大家參考。

1、用一個(gè)完整的句子后跟一個(gè)冒號(hào)來(lái)引入一個(gè)引語(yǔ)。

示例：

The setting emphasizes deception: "Nothing is as it appears" (Smith 1).

piercy ends the poem on an ironic note: "To every woman a happy ending" (25).

2、用你自己的話開(kāi)始一個(gè)句子，然后用引用完成這句話。

示例：

Hamlet's task is to avenge a "foul and most unnatural murder" (Shakespeare 925).

The speaker is mystified by her sleeping baby,whose "moth-breath / flickers among the flat pink roses" (plath 17).

3、使用一個(gè)介紹性的短語(yǔ)來(lái)命名出處，后面加一個(gè)逗號(hào)來(lái)引用其他作者的話。

示例：

According to Smith,"[W]riting is fun" (215).

In Smith's words," . . .

In Smith's view," . . .

4、用一個(gè)描述性的動(dòng)詞，后跟一個(gè)逗號(hào)來(lái)介紹其他作者的話。

示例：

Smith states,"This book is terrific" (102).

Smith remarks," . . .

Smith writes," . . .

Smith notes," . . .

Smith comments," . . .

Smith observes," . . .

Smith concludes," . . .

Smith reports," . . .

Smith maintains," . . .

Smith adds," . . .

5、如果你的引語(yǔ)以that或as結(jié)尾，就不要在其后加逗號(hào)。

示例：

Smith points out that "millions of students would like to burn this book" (53).

Smith emphasizes that " . . .

In Smith's view," . . .

Smith interprets the hand washing in MacBeth as "an attempt at absolution" (106).

Smith describes the novel as "a celebration of human experience" (233).

通過(guò)上述方法，應(yīng)該就能避免在引述時(shí)出現(xiàn)抄襲問(wèn)題。不過(guò)，建議同學(xué)避免在論文中使用太多直接引語(yǔ)。使用大量直接引語(yǔ)會(huì)影響你的觀點(diǎn)，削弱你的論點(diǎn)，讓你失去讀者的信任。盡量不要在一個(gè)段落中使用一個(gè)以上的直接引語(yǔ)。相反，你可以使用意譯來(lái)支持你的想法。