撰寫Critique不僅僅是指出錯誤，還涉及對一篇學(xué)術(shù)論文或一本書籍進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的分析，然后對其優(yōu)缺點進(jìn)行公正合理的描述。通過本文，你應(yīng)該可以掌握Critique寫作的語言策略。

一、給予表揚(yáng)和批評

一種叫做“hedging”的策略將幫助你用不同的力度表達(dá)贊揚(yáng)或批評。用于模糊限制語的語法結(jié)構(gòu)如下：

1、情態(tài)動詞

使用情態(tài)動詞(could，can，may，might等)讓你軟化一些絕對的說法。比較：

This text is inappropriate for graduate students who are new to the field.

This text may be inappropriate for graduate students who are new to the field.

2、限定形容詞和副詞

使用限定性形容詞和副詞(possible，likely，possibly，somewhat等)允許你在評論中引入一定程度的可能性。比較：

Readers will find the theoretical model difficult to understand.

Some readers will find the theoretical model difficult to understand.

Some readers will probably find the theoretical model somewhat difficult to understand completely.

注意：從上一個例子中可以看出，過多的限定詞會讓這個想法聽起來不太好。

3、試探動詞

使用試探性動詞(seems，indicates，suggests等)也可以讓你軟化一些絕對的說法。比較：

This omission shows that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

This omission indicates that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

This omission seems to suggest that the authors are not aware of the current literature.

二、提供建議

無論你是在評論一篇已發(fā)表還是未發(fā)表的文章，你都應(yīng)該指出問題并提出解決方案。如果你正在評論一篇未發(fā)表的文章，作者可以利用你的建議來修改。你的建議有可能變成實際行動。如果你在評論一篇已發(fā)表的文章，作者不能修改，所以你的建議純屬假設(shè)。這兩種情況需要稍微不同的語法。

1、未發(fā)表的文章：“would be X if they did Y”

通過指出改進(jìn)來指出弱點。例如，如果問題是“方法不清楚”，那么你可以寫“the methodology would be more clear if ...”，再加上一個建議。如果作者可以使用建議來修改，語法是“X would be better If the authors did Y”(would be+簡單過去時建議)。

The tables would be clearer if the authors highlighted the key results.

The discussion would be more persuasive if the authors accounted for the discrepancies in the data.

2、已發(fā)表的文章：“would have been X if they had done Y”

如果作者不能根據(jù)你的建議進(jìn)行修改，使用過去不真實條件形式“X would have been better if the authors had done Y”(would have been +過去完成時建議)。

The tables would have been clearer if the authors had highlighted key results.

The discussion would have been more persuasive if the authors had accounted for discrepancies in the data.

由此可見，對于每種類型的Critique，禮貌地陳述你的贊揚(yáng)、批評和建議是很重要的，但要有適當(dāng)?shù)牧Χ?。上面的語言結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)該可以幫助你完成這個具有挑戰(zhàn)性的任務(wù)。