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　　使用Python讀取文件并將數(shù)據(jù)可視化

　　TaskA：調(diào)查澳大利亞人口的自然增長(zhǎng)。將澳大利亞不同州和地區(qū)的出生、死亡、總生育率、海外移民和洲際遷移等信息之間的關(guān)系可視化，得到這些關(guān)系隨時(shí)間的變化。

　　TaskB：研究犯罪統(tǒng)計(jì)的數(shù)據(jù)集。數(shù)據(jù)集包括日期、發(fā)生地點(diǎn)、郵政編碼、犯罪描述和罪犯犯罪的次數(shù);主要任務(wù)如下：1.每日犯罪的數(shù)量;2，識(shí)別輸入日期中的錯(cuò)誤

　　Task C：查找一些公開的數(shù)據(jù)，按照TaskA，B進(jìn)行的操作對(duì)其進(jìn)行分析

　　涉及知識(shí)點(diǎn)：

　　數(shù)據(jù)檢索、文件讀取、數(shù)據(jù)分析及可視化

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　　FIT5145 Assignment 1: Description

　　Due date: Friday 6 September 2019- 11:55pm

　　The aim of this assignment is to investigate and visualise data using various data science tools. It will test

　　your ability to:

　　read data files in Python and extract related data from those files;

　　wrangle and process data into the required formats;

　　use various graphical and non-graphical tools to performing exploratory data analysis and visualisation;

　　use basic tools for managing and processing big data; and

　　communicate your findings in your report.

　　You will need to submit two separate files (important Note: Zip file submission will have a penalty of

　　10%):

　　A report in PDF containing your answers to all the questions. Note that you can use Word or other word processing software to format your submission. Just save the final copy to a PDF before submitting. Make sure to include screenshots/images of the graphs you generate in order to justify your answers to all the questions. (Marks will be assigned to reports based on their

　　correctness and clarity. – For example, higher marks will be given to reports containing graphs with appropriately labelled axes.)

　　The Python code as a Jupyter notebook file that you wrote to analyse and plot the data.

　　Assignment Tasks:

　　There are three tasks (Tasks A, B and C) that you need to complete for this assignment. Students that

　　complete only the questions that are not labelled as “Challenge” can only get a maximum of

　　Distinction. Students that attempt three questions labelled as “Challenge” will be showing critical

　　analysis skills and a deeper understanding of the task at hand and can achieve the highest grade. You

　　need to use Python to complete the tasks.

　　Task A: Investigating Natural Increase in Australia’s population

　　In this task, you are required to visualise the relationship between the births, deaths, total fertility rate

　　(TFR), net overseas migration (NOM) and net interstate migration (NIM) for the different Australian

　　states/territories, and gain insights on how these relations and trends change over time. The data files

　　used in this task were originally downloaded from Australian Bureau of Statistics. We have extracted the

　　data from the original files and transform them into a simpler format. Please download the data from

　　Moodle:

　　● Births.csv - This file contains yearly data regarding the recorded number of births by Australian state/territory of registration between 1977 and 2016.

　　● Deaths.csv -This file contains yearly data regarding the recorded number of deaths by Australian state/territory of registration between 1977 and 2016.

　　● TFR.csv - This file contains yearly data on the recorded average number of births per woman over her lifetime by each state/territory between 1971 and 2016.

　　● NOM.csv - This data file contains yearly data on the net gain or loss of population through immigration (migrant arrivals) to Australia and emigration (migrant departures) from Australia, for the period between 1977 and 2016.

　　● NIM.csv - This data file contains yearly data on the net gain or loss of population through the movement of people from one state or territory to another, for the period between 1977 and 2016.

　　A1. Investigating the Births, Deaths and TFR Data

　　Using Python, plot the number of births recorded in each state/territory for different Australian states over different years.

　　a. Describe the trend in number of births for Queensland and Tasmania for the period 1977 to 2016?

　　b. Draw a bar chart to show the number of births in each Australian state in 2016.

　　We will now investigate the trend in the total number of births over different years. For this, you will need to aggregate the total number of births registered in Australia by year.

　　a. Fit a linear regression using Python to the above aggregated data (i.e., total number of births registered in Australia over time) and plot the linear fit.

　　b. Does it look like a good fit to you? Identify the period time having any unusual trend(s) in your plot.

　　c. Use the linear fit to predict the total births in Australia for the years 2050 and 2100.

　　d. Instead of fitting the linear regression to all of the data, try fitting it to just the most recent data points (say from 2010 onwards). How is the fit? Which model would give better predictions of future population of Australia do you think and why?

　　e. Challenge: Can you think of a better model than linear regression to fit to all of the data to capture the trend in the number of births.

　　i.Describe the model you suggested and explain why it is better suited for this task.

　　ii.Use your model to predict the total births for the years 2050 and 2100.

　　Inspect the data on Total Fertility Rate (TFR.csv) for Queensland and Northern Territory.

　　a. What was the minimum value for TFR recorded in the dataset for Queensland and when did that occur? What was the corresponding TFR value for Northern Territory in the same year?

　　Next, plot the natural growth in Australia’s population over different years. For this, you will need to aggregate the total births and deaths by year. (HINT: Natural growth in a population is the difference between the total numbers of births and deaths in a population, for instance, Natural Growth of Australia’s Population = Total Births in Australia - Total Deaths in Australia)

　　a. Describe the trend in natural growth in Australian population over time using linear regression?

　　A2. Investigating the Migration Data (NOM and NIM)

　　Let’s look at the Net Overseas Migration (NOM) data in different states over time.

　　a. Use Python to plot the NOM to Victoria, Tasmania and Western Australia over time. Explain and compare the trend in all three states (VIC, TAS and WA).

　　b. Plot the Net Overseas Migration (NOM) to Australia over time. Do you find the trend strange? Explain the reason to your answer (Hint: You might go online to find contributing factors to this trend).

　　Now let’s look at the relationship between Net Overseas Migration (NOM) and Net Interstate Migration (NIM).

　　a. Use Python to combine the data from the different files into a single table. The resulting table should contain the NOM and NIM values for each of the states for a given year. What are the first year and last year for the combined data?

　　b. Now that you have the data combined, we can see whether there is a relationship between NOM and NIM. Plot the values against each other using scatter plot. Can you see any relationship between NOM and NIM?

　　c. Try selecting and plotting the data for Victoria only using scatter plot. Can you see a relationship now? If so, explain the relationship.

　　d. Finally, plot the Net Interstate Migration (NIM) for Queensland and New South Wales over different years. Note graphs for both QLD and NSW should be on the same plot. Compare the plots for these two states. What can you infer from the trend you see for these two states?

　　A3. Visualising the Relationship over Time

　　Now let’s look at the relationship between other variables impacting the population size and growth of

　　Australian states/territories over time. Ensure that you have combined all the data from the different files

　　(Births.csv, Deaths.csv, TFR.csv, NOM.csv and NIM.csv) into a single