關(guān)于托福考試中單詞的數(shù)量要求，一直令考生感到困惑。究竟需要背誦多少單詞，才能順利通過托?？荚?，獲得心儀的分?jǐn)?shù)?面對(duì)幾千上萬的生詞，每天要背多少才合理?其實(shí)，背單詞數(shù)量并不是最關(guān)鍵的，合理的托福詞匯體系搭配科學(xué)的背誦方法，才是真正提高托福詞匯能力的捷徑。本文通過分析托福不同難度閱讀文章中的詞匯情況，得出托?？荚噷?duì)詞匯的要求主要在于深度，而非難詞數(shù)量。同時(shí)，提出了選擇適合自己的詞匯書，并遵循正確學(xué)習(xí)方法論的建議，幫助托?？忌行Хe累詞匯，順利通過考試。

托?？荚囋~匯難度并不高，主要在詞匯掌握的深度

我們先來看一看，托福考試中的文章詞匯具體是什么水平。研究顯示，不同難度的托福閱讀文章，其核心詞匯組成并沒有明顯的差異。無論是11-15分的初級(jí)文章，還是25分以上的高級(jí)文章，經(jīng)常使用的詞匯仍以初中、高中及四級(jí)詞匯為主，約占85%。即使出現(xiàn)偏難的單詞，其比例也非常低，完全在預(yù)期之內(nèi)。托福強(qiáng)調(diào)的是詞匯使用的靈活性，而不僅僅是生詞量。比如經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)一詞多義、詞形變化等情況。因此，我們不應(yīng)僅僅盯著背誦難詞數(shù)量，而是要在掌握一定詞匯總量的基礎(chǔ)上，通過大量閱讀來提高詞匯運(yùn)用能力。According to research，core vocabularies in TOEFL reading passages of different difficulties do not have significant differences. No matter it is a junior passage of 11-15 points or a senior passage above 25 points，words frequently used are still mainly junior high school，high school and CET-4 vocabularies，accounting for about 85%. Even if difficult words appear，the proportion is very low and completely within expectation. TOEFL emphasizes flexibility of vocabulary usage instead of just the amount of new words. For example，polysemy and word formation changes often occur. Therefore，we should not just focus on reciting the amount of difficult words，but improve vocabulary application ability through extensive reading on the basis of mastering a certain amount of total vocabularies.

6000-7000的詞匯量就足以滿足100分要求

結(jié)合托福真題分析，我們可以得出，6000-7000的常用詞匯量就可以滿足托福100分的要求。那么問題來了，究竟要背哪本單詞書呢?選擇有完整體系的詞匯書非常重要。所謂的體系就是從基礎(chǔ)到高級(jí)，有順序可循。這樣可以避免選擇的詞匯書要么過于簡(jiǎn)單，要么直接超出自身水平，都不利于托福詞匯的有效積累。比較合理的方式是，通過聽寫測(cè)試自己的詞匯量，來選擇體系中的合適級(jí)別單詞書。在確定了適合自己的書之后，再配合正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法，持之以恒地背誦，就可以穩(wěn)步提高詞匯水平，最終達(dá)到托福100分的要求。According to TOEFL actual exam analysis，a vocabulary of 6000-7000 words is sufficient to meet the requirements of TOEFL 100 points. So which vocabulary book should I recite? Choosing vocabulary books with a complete system is very important. The so-called system means there is a sequence from basic to advanced level. In this way，it can avoid choosing either too simple or too difficult vocabulary books，which are not conducive to effective accumulation of TOEFL vocabularies. A more reasonable way is to test your own vocabulary through dictation，and choose the right level book in the system. After determining the suitable book，persistently reciting with the right learning methods can steadily improve your vocabulary and eventually meet the requirements of TOEFL 100 points.

選擇適合自己的詞匯書效率最高

對(duì)于大多數(shù)托福考生來說，如何選擇合適的詞匯書是首要問題。比較有效的方式是通過聽寫測(cè)試自己對(duì)單詞的掌握情況，來合理選書。具體步驟是:隨機(jī)選擇詞匯書的30%單元進(jìn)行聽寫，限時(shí)10秒寫出單詞意思和拼寫。如果80%以上單詞都掌握了，說明這本書偏簡(jiǎn)單，應(yīng)選擇該單詞體系的上一級(jí)書;如果不足20%的掌握率，則說明過難，應(yīng)選擇簡(jiǎn)單一級(jí)的書。這樣可以快速確定適合當(dāng)前詞匯水平的單詞書，學(xué)習(xí)效率最高。在選擇之后，針對(duì)自己不會(huì)的單詞記錄生詞本反復(fù)練習(xí)，就可以在原有基礎(chǔ)上快速積累新詞匯。For most TOEFL test takers，how to choose a suitable vocabulary book is the primary issue. A more effective way is to test your mastery of words through dictation，so as to make a reasonable choice. Specifically，randomly select 30% of units in the vocabulary book for dictation，limiting to 10 seconds to write out the word meaning and spelling. If more than 80% of the words are mastered，it indicates the book is too simple and you should choose the next level book in the system. If the mastery rate is less than 20%，it means the book is too difficult and you should select an easier level book. In this way，you can quickly determine the vocabulary book suitable for your current level with the highest learning efficiency. After choosing，record the words you don't know in your notes and practice repeatedly，so you can quickly accumulate new vocabularies on the original basis.

遵循正確學(xué)習(xí)方法論，否則白費(fèi)苦心

有了合適的詞匯書，接下來就是需要采取正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法來背誦單詞。常見的問題包括:不知道單詞背到什么程度才算數(shù)，經(jīng)常一背就忘。解決這些實(shí)際困難的核心在于，要遵循專業(yè)的單詞學(xué)習(xí)方法論。首先，在背誦過程中一定要大聲朗讀，記住單詞的讀音，并在回想復(fù)習(xí)中反復(fù)檢查自己的發(fā)音是否準(zhǔn)確。其次，要進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)回想，利用思考去記憶單詞的意思，而不是重復(fù)瀏覽單詞書。最后，需要記錄自己的背詞效果，比如記錄每天的正確率，用數(shù)據(jù)評(píng)價(jià)背詞效果。如果堅(jiān)持使用這些科學(xué)有效的方法，就一定能克服記不住單詞的難點(diǎn)，獲取詞匯積累的成效。

Having suitable vocabulary books，the next step is to use correct learning methods to recite words. Common problems include not knowing to what extent words should be recited to count，and often forgetting after reciting. The core of solving these practical difficulties is to follow professional word learning methodologies. Firstly，you must read out loud during reciting，remember the pronunciation of words，and repeatedly check in review if your pronunciation is accurate. Secondly，carry out review recall，using thinking to remember word meanings instead of browsing word books repeatedly. Finally，you need to record your word reciting results，such as recording daily accuracy，using data to evaluate your word reciting effectiveness. If insisting on using these scientific and effective methods，you will definitely be able to overcome the difficulties of remembering words and achieve vocabulary accumulation.

通過對(duì)托福不同難度文章的分析我們可以看出，6000-7000的基礎(chǔ)詞匯量就可以滿足100分要求。選擇適合自己水平的詞匯書非常重要，配合使用正確的學(xué)習(xí)方法論則是獲得詞匯積累的關(guān)鍵。只要堅(jiān)持這些有效學(xué)習(xí)策略，托福考生就能逐步擴(kuò)充詞匯量，最終達(dá)到心儀的高分。

【微語】留學(xué)是人生一段重要的經(jīng)歷，不管你做出怎樣的選擇，我們都要去尊重它。