留學(xué)過(guò)程中，論文是一項(xiàng)大任務(wù)。而在論文寫(xiě)作中，格式引用又是一項(xiàng)大任務(wù)。當(dāng)你在你的論文中直接引用別人的作品時(shí)，你將根據(jù)它們的長(zhǎng)度不同來(lái)格式化引用。下面是一些在論文中加入引文的基本準(zhǔn)則(MLA格式)。注意，MLA中的所有頁(yè)面都應(yīng)該是雙倍行距。如果還不會(huì)使用MLA格式進(jìn)行引用，各位同學(xué)可以參考這篇文章分享的引用示例。

1.簡(jiǎn)短的引語(yǔ)

如果你的文章中有簡(jiǎn)短的引語(yǔ)(四行或更少的散文或三行詩(shī))，需要將引語(yǔ)用雙引號(hào)括起來(lái)。在文本引用中提供作者和具體頁(yè)碼(注意，如果是詩(shī)，需要提供行號(hào))，并在作品引用頁(yè)上包括完整的參考文獻(xiàn)。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)，如句號(hào)、逗號(hào)和分號(hào)都需要在括號(hào)引用之后。

eg1：According to some,dreams express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184),though others disagree.

According to Foulkes's study,dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (184).

Is it possible that dreams may express "profound aspects of personality" (Foulkes 184)?

eg2：Cullen concludes,"Of all the things that happened there / That's all I remember" (11-12).

2.長(zhǎng)引文

對(duì)于超過(guò)四行散文或三行詩(shī)句的引語(yǔ)，需要把引語(yǔ)放在獨(dú)立的文本塊中，并省略引號(hào)。在新的一行開(kāi)始引語(yǔ)，整個(gè)引語(yǔ)從左距縮進(jìn)1/2英寸，同時(shí)保持雙倍行距。你的圓括號(hào)引用應(yīng)該在結(jié)束標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)之后。引用詩(shī)句時(shí)，需要保持原來(lái)的斷行。

eg1：Nelly Dean treats Heathcliff poorly and dehumanizes him throughout her narration: They entirely refused to have it in bed with them,or even in their room,and I had no more sense,so,I put it on the landing of the stairs,hoping it would be gone on the morrow. By chance,or else attracted by hearing his voice,it crept to Mr. Earnshaw's door,and there he found it on quitting his chamber. Inquiries were made as to how it got there; I was obliged to confess,and in recompense for my cowardice and inhumanity was sent out of the house. (Bronte 78)

eg2：In his poem "My papa's Waltz," Theodore Roethke explores his childhood with his father:

The whiskey on your breath

Could make a small boy dizzy;

But I hung on like death:

Such waltzing was not easy.

We Romped until the pans

Slid from the kitchen shelf;

My mother's countenance

Could not unfrown itself. (qtd. in Shrodes,Finestone,Shugrue 202)

3.在引語(yǔ)中添加或省略單詞

如果你在引用中添加一個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞，需要在單詞周?chē)由侠ㄌ?hào)，以表明它們不是原文的一部分：

Jan Harold Brunvand,in an essay on urban legends,states,"some individuals [who retell urban legends] make a point of learning every rumor or tale" (78).

如果你從引用中省略了一個(gè)或多個(gè)單詞，你應(yīng)該用省略號(hào)來(lái)指出被刪除的單詞，省略號(hào)是三個(gè)句號(hào)(…)前面和后面有一個(gè)空格。例如:

In an essay on urban legends,Jan Harold Brunvand notes that "some individuals make a point of learning every recent rumor or tale . . . and in a short time a lively exchange of details occurs" (78).

注意，省略號(hào)周?chē)恍枰ㄌ?hào)，除非它們可以增加清晰度。

當(dāng)從詩(shī)歌引文中省略單詞時(shí)，需要使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的三句號(hào)省略;然而，當(dāng)省略一首或多行詩(shī)時(shí)，將幾個(gè)句號(hào)間隔到詩(shī)中一整行的長(zhǎng)度：

These beauteous forms,

Through a long absence,have not been to me

As is a landscape to a blind man's eye:

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Felt in the blood,and felt along the heart;

And passing even into my purer mind,

With tranquil restoration . . . (22-24,28-30)

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