1、Make the paragraph the unit of composition: one paragraph to each topic 不同的段落構(gòu)成文章，每個(gè)段落僅傳遞一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)

2、As a rule,begin each paragraph with a topic sentence; en it in conformity with the beginning 規(guī)則：每個(gè)段落均以主題句開頭，并且首尾呼應(yīng)。

A. the topic sentence comes at or near the beginning; 主題句前置

B. the succeeing sentences explain or establish or evelop the statement mae in the topic sentence; 段落圍繞主題句展開，后面的句子對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行展開解釋

C. the final sentence either emphasizes the thought of the topic sentence or states some important consequence. 末尾句或者對(duì)主題句進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，或者闡述主題句帶來(lái)的結(jié)果。

3、Use the active voice 主動(dòng)句永遠(yuǎn)比被動(dòng)句直接有力

Eg: There were a great number of ea leaves lying on the groun = Dea leaves covere the groun. ( 清晰生動(dòng) )

Eg: The reason that he left college was that his health became impaire. = Failing health compelle him to leave college. ( 簡(jiǎn)潔有力 )

Eg: It was not long before he was very sorry that he ha sai what he ha. = He soon repente his wors. ( 簡(jiǎn)潔有力 )

4、Put statements in positive form 以肯定的形式表達(dá)否定的意思,避免使用平淡、毫無(wú)色彩，猶豫不決和含糊其辭的語(yǔ)言。

Eg ： He was not very often on time. = He usually came late.

Eg: He i not think that stuying Latin was much use. = He thought the stuy of Latin useless.

Eg: The taming of the Shrew is rather weak in spots. Shakespeare oes not portray Katharine as a very amirable character,nor oes Bianca remain long in memory as an important character in Shakespeare’s works. = The women in The Taming of the Shrew are unattractive. Katharine is isagreeable,Bianca insignificant.

5、Omit neeless wors 刪除冗詞

Vigorous writing is concise. A sentence shoul contain no unnecessary wors,a paragraph no unnecessary sentences,for the same reason that a rawing shoul have no unnecessary lines an a machine no unnecessary parts. This requires not that the writer make all his sentences short,or that he avoi all etail an treat his subjects only in outline,but that every wor tell.

有力的寫作一定簡(jiǎn)潔

Owing to the fact that =Since(because)

In spite of the fact that =Though(although)

Call your attention to the fact that =Reminyou (notify you)

The fact that he ha not succeee =Hisfailure

6、Avoi a succession of loose sentences 別寫流水賬，找找語(yǔ)言的邏輯關(guān)系，通過 who,which,when,where,an while 這些詞把句子串起來(lái)

7、Express co-orinate ieas in similar form

Parallel structure 平行結(jié)構(gòu)講究對(duì)稱美：內(nèi)容對(duì)等，結(jié)構(gòu)一致。

Eg: Formerly,science was taught by the textbook metho,while now the laboratory metho is employe.

Parallel structure: Formerly,science was taught by the textbook metho; now it is taught by the laboratory metho.

8、Keep relate wors together 詞的位置決定詞的關(guān)系，所以遵循‘物以類聚’，意思關(guān)聯(lián)緊密的詞放在一塊。

A: 主謂之間不分割，補(bǔ)充信息需前置

Eg: Worsworth,in the fifth book of The Excursion,gives a minute escription of this church. Eg: In the fifth book of the Excursion,Worsworth gives a minute escription of this church. ( 狀語(yǔ)前置，主謂毗鄰 )

B ：關(guān)系代詞緊隨先行詞出現(xiàn)

Eg: There was a look in his eye that boe mischief. Eg: In his eye was a look that boe mischief. ( 名詞 look 先行，關(guān)系詞 that 緊隨 )

9、In summaries,keep to one tense 總結(jié)通常使用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，如果使用過去時(shí)，請(qǐng)保持時(shí)態(tài)一致。

10、Place the emphatic wors of a sentence at the en 欲擒故縱的圓周句（ perioic sentence ）中，強(qiáng)調(diào)信息后置。

Eg: Four centuries ago,Christopher Columbus,one of the Italian mariners whom the ecline of their own republics ha put at the service of the worl an of aventure,seeking for Spain a westwar passage to the Inies as setoff against the achievements of Portuguese iscoverers,lighte on America.

Eg: With these hopes an in this belief I woul urge you,laying asie all hinrance,thrusting away all private aims,to evote yourselves unswervingly an unflinchingly to the vigorous an successful prosecution of this war.

【微語(yǔ)】在遠(yuǎn)方的天空下,他/她用筆尖書寫著未來(lái),愿每一個(gè)夜晚都有星光陪伴,讓夢(mèng)想不再孤單。