Alevel經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)類別課程中有微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)兩個(gè)大模塊，這是alevel課程體系中非常熱門的一門課程，因?yàn)樗軌蜚暯咏鹑?、?huì)計(jì)等熱門本科專業(yè)。在備考時(shí)，很多同學(xué)都會(huì)為其細(xì)碎繁多的知識(shí)點(diǎn)而煩惱，并且在alevel經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)考試中需要各位用全英文作答，這也是一大難點(diǎn)。

為幫助大家更好地復(fù)習(xí)備考，本篇為大家?guī)?lái)的是Alevel宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)中重點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)板塊——國(guó)際收支平衡的內(nèi)容，后篇將持續(xù)為大家分享相關(guān)干貨內(nèi)容，一起來(lái)看看吧~

The Balance of Payments is a record of a country’s transactions with the rest of the world. It shows the receipts from trade. It consists of the current and financial account.

國(guó)際收支平衡表是一個(gè)國(guó)家與世界其他地區(qū)交易的記錄。它顯示了來(lái)自貿(mào)易的收入。它由經(jīng)常賬戶和金融賬戶組成。

1. Current account 經(jīng)常賬戶

This is a record of all payments for trade in goods and services plus income flow it is divided into four parts.

這是對(duì)商品和服務(wù)貿(mào)易的所有支付的記錄，加上收入流，它分為四個(gè)部分。

Balance of trade in goods (visibles)

貨物貿(mào)易平衡（有形的）

Balance of trade in services (invisibles) e.g. tourism, insurance.

服務(wù)貿(mào)易的平衡（無(wú)形的），如旅游、保險(xiǎn)

Net income flows. Primary income flows (wages and investment income) 凈收入流量。初級(jí)收入流（工資和投資收入）

Net current transfers. Secondary income flows (e.g. government transfers to UN, EU)

經(jīng)常性轉(zhuǎn)移凈額。次要收入流量（例如，政府向聯(lián)合國(guó)、歐盟的轉(zhuǎn)移）

2. Financial account 金融賬戶

This is a record of all transactions for financial investment. It includes

這是對(duì)所有金融投資交易的記錄。它包括:

Direct investment. This is net investment from abroad. For example, if a UK firm built a factory in Japan it would be a debit item on UK financial account)

直接投資。這是來(lái)自國(guó)外的凈投資。例如，如果一家英國(guó)公司在日本建廠，這將是英國(guó)金融賬戶的一個(gè)借方項(xiàng)目)

Portfolio investment. These are financial flows, such as the purchase of bonds, gilts or saving in banks. They include

證券投資。這些是資金流動(dòng)，如購(gòu)買債券、金邊債券或在銀行儲(chǔ)蓄。它們包括

short-term monetary flows known as “hot money flows” to take advantage of exchange rate changes, e.g. foreign investor saving money in a UK bank to take advantage of better interest rates – will be a credit item on financial account

被稱為 "熱錢流動(dòng) "的短期貨幣流動(dòng)，以利用匯率變化，例如，外國(guó)投資者在英國(guó)銀行存錢，以利用更好的利率--將是金融賬戶上的一個(gè)貸方項(xiàng)目。

3. Capital Account 資本賬戶

This refers to the transfer of funds associated with buying fixed assets such as land

這指的是與購(gòu)買土地等固定資產(chǎn)有關(guān)的資金轉(zhuǎn)移。

4. Balancing Item 平衡項(xiàng)目

In practice when the statistics are compiled there are likely to be errors, therefore, the balancing item allows for these statistical discrepancies.

在實(shí)踐中，當(dāng)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)被匯編時(shí)，很可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，因此，平衡項(xiàng)目允許這些統(tǒng)計(jì)差異。

(note the Financial Account used to be called the Capital Account, which is potentially quite confusing. Even now some people refer to financial account as the capital account)

(注意金融賬戶過(guò)去被稱為資本賬戶，這有可能相當(dāng)混亂。甚至現(xiàn)在有些人把金融賬戶稱為資本賬戶)

【微語(yǔ)】你踏上異國(guó)的土地, 追逐夢(mèng)想的光芒, 每一步都鋪滿了勇氣和希望。