Alevel經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)類別課程中有微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)和宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)兩個大模塊，這是alevel課程體系中非常熱門的一門課程，因?yàn)樗軌蜚暯咏鹑?、會計等熱門本科專業(yè)。在備考時，很多同學(xué)都會為其細(xì)碎繁多的知識點(diǎn)而煩惱，并且在alevel經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)考試中需要各位用全英文作答，這也是一大難點(diǎn)。

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Balance of payments equilibrium 國際收支平衡

In a floating exchange rate the supply of currency will always equal the demand for currency, and the balance of payments is zero.

在浮動匯率中，貨幣的供應(yīng)量將永遠(yuǎn)等于貨幣的需求量，國際收支為零。

Therefore if there is a deficit on the current account there will be a surplus on the financial/capital account.

因此，如果經(jīng)常賬戶出現(xiàn)赤字，金融/資本賬戶就會出現(xiàn)盈余。

If there was an increase in interest rates this would cause hot money flows to enter the UK, therefore there would be a surplus on the financial account

如果利率上升，這將導(dǎo)致熱錢流入英國，因此金融賬戶將出現(xiàn)盈余。

The appreciation in the exchange rate would make exports less competitive and imports more competitive therefore with fewer exports and more imports there would be a deficit on the current account.

匯率升值將使出口競爭力下降，進(jìn)口競爭力上升，因此，出口減少，進(jìn)口增加，經(jīng)常賬戶將出現(xiàn)赤字。

Factors affecting the balance of payments 影響國際收支的因素

A current account deficit could be caused by factors such as.

經(jīng)常賬戶赤字可能是由以下因素造成的。

The rate of consumer spending on imports. For example, during an economic boom, there will be increased spending and this will cause a deficit on the current account.

消費(fèi)者在進(jìn)口方面的開支率。例如，在經(jīng)濟(jì)繁榮時期，支出會增加，這將導(dǎo)致經(jīng)常賬戶出現(xiàn)赤字。

International competitiveness. If a country experiences higher inflation than its competitors, exports will be less competitive leading to lower demand.

國際競爭力。如果一個國家的通貨膨脹率高于其競爭對手，出口的競爭力就會降低，導(dǎo)致需求減少。

Exchange rate. If the exchange rate is overvalued, it makes exports relatively more expensive leading to a deterioration in the current account.

匯率。如果匯率被高估，它使出口相對更昂貴，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)常賬戶惡化。

Structure of economy – deindustrialisation can harm the export sector.

經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)--非工業(yè)化會損害出口部門。

Cyclical nature of the current account 經(jīng)常賬戶的周期性性質(zhì)

In the UK, a current account deficit often increases after a period of economic growth. Higher economic growth leads to higher consumer spending and therefore more spending on imports.

在英國，經(jīng)常賬戶赤字往往在經(jīng)濟(jì)增長期后增加。較高的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長會導(dǎo)致更多的消費(fèi)者支出，因此會有更多的進(jìn)口支出。

In an economic downturn, spending on imports usually declines leading to a smaller current account deficit.

在經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退期，進(jìn)口支出通常會下降，導(dǎo)致經(jīng)常賬戶赤字減少。

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