Alevel經濟學課程是許多同學選課的首選，因為它不僅能夠在大學申請時與多類專業(yè)相銜接，還可以拓展同學們的經濟學視野，就算以后不從事經濟類行業(yè)的發(fā)展，積累一些經濟學知識也是非常必要的。本篇要為大家分享的就是實用性非常高的知識點——匯率變化的相關內容。

為幫助大家更好地學習備考，我們留求藝留學為大家梳理過許多有關alevel經濟學的內容，可以在本站檢索關鍵詞查看哦，一起來看看吧！

Changes in Exchange rates 匯率的變化

A floating exchange rate can move up or down. An upward movement can be called an appreciation or revaluation. 一個浮動匯率可以向上或向下移動。向上移動可稱為升值或重估。

- Revaluation 重估 – Over a short amount of time, or moved up by the government. 在短時間內，或由政府上移

- Appreciation 升值 – Changed by supply and demand 由供應和需求改變

A downward movement can be called a depreciation or devaluation. 下降的運動可稱為貶值或貶值

- Devaluation 貶值 - Over a short amount of time, or moved up by the government. 在很短的時間內，或由政府調高

- Depreciation 貶值 - Changed by supply and demand. 由供應和需求改變

Causes of an appreciation or revaluation升值或貶值的原因

- Increase in demand for UK exports. 對英國出口的需求增加

-Decrease in UK demand for imports. 英國對進口的需求減少

(↑ r/e) → (x = Expensive) → (m = cheaper) → (X↓/M↑ = current account deficit) → (AD = C+I+G+(X-M)) → AD shifts left

Causes of an depreciation or devaluation–

- Decrease in demand for UK exports. 對英國出口的需求減少

-Increase in UK demand for imports. 英國對進口的需求增加

(↓ r/e) → (x = Cheaper) → (m = expensive) → (X ↑/M↓ = current account surplus) → (AD = C+I+G+(X-M)) → AD shifts right

The manipulation of interest rates is not only done by monetary policy but is also done on the AD curve. To increase economic growth via monetary policy you would decrease interest rates to get AD to shift to the right. The secondary effect of this is to shift AD curve even further to the right. This is because of exchange rates and interest rates. To control interest rates you can increase exchange rates.

對利率的操縱不僅是通過貨幣政策進行的，而且也是在AD曲線上進行的。為了通過貨幣政策提高經濟增長，你將降低利率，使AD向右移動。這樣做的次要效果是使AD曲線進一步向右移動。這是因為匯率和利率的原因。為了控制利率，你可以提高匯率。

Relationship between interest and exchange rates 利率和匯率之間的關系

There is a direct relationship between interest rates and exchange rates – the balance of payments. This is done through what is known as the financial account within the balance of payments. 利率和匯率--國際收支之間存在著直接的關系。這是通過國際收支中所謂的金融賬戶來實現(xiàn)的。

·Financial account 金融賬戶

Long term investment – FDI 長期投資--外國直接投資

Short term investment – Flows of “Hot Money” 短期投資--"熱錢 "的流動

↑i/r → ↑r/e

↓i/r → ↓r/e

If interest rates in a country go up then you would want to invest in there but you would need to exchange currencies therefore exchange rates increase. The demand for pounds is provided for by those foreigners who wish to buy UK goods and therefore exchange their currency for UK pounds.

如果一個國家的利率上升，那么你會想在那里投資，但你需要兌換貨幣，因此匯率上升。對英鎊的需求是由那些希望購買英國商品的外國人提供的，因此他們將自己的貨幣兌換成英國英鎊。

Relationship between inflation and interest rates 通貨膨脹和利率之間的關系

If domestic inflation is higher than other countries. UK goods/exports are now more expensive. Increase the amount of imports as they are cheaper. Exports decrease. The demand for pounds would decrease due to less exports. A depreciation would occur. If the domestic rate of inflation is lower than other countries then UK exports are cheaper and imports will decrease and exports increase. An appreciation will occur.

如果國內通貨膨脹率高于其他國家。英國商品/出口現(xiàn)在更昂貴。增加進口的數(shù)量，因為它們更便宜。出口減少。由于出口減少，對英鎊的需求會減少。會出現(xiàn)貶值。如果國內的通貨膨脹率低于其他國家，那么英國的出口更便宜，進口將減少，出口增加。將會發(fā)生升值。

【微語】你踏上異國的土地, 追尋夢想的翅膀在風中展開, 每一步都是成長的印記。