Alevel經(jīng)濟學為各位同學在中學階段打下經(jīng)濟學知識基礎，在的學習過程中，大家一定不要忽視對專業(yè)概念的形成理解和相關解釋的記憶，它們是考試時做解答大題的基礎，也是寫essay時離不開的理論根據(jù)。

我們留求藝留學為許多同學解答過經(jīng)濟學論文寫作的困難，針對這個難處，小編為大家整理了中英對照版本的Alevel經(jīng)濟學模塊定義匯總，本篇是國際收支結構的上篇總結，下篇可在本站搜索閱讀，一起來看看吧！

The Balance of Payments——The Structure of the Balance of Payments

國際收支平衡——國際收支的結構

The balance of payments measures all flows of money between the UK and the rest of the world. The current account records the movements of all goods and services into and out of the UK. The capital account (also known as the financial account) measures all capital flows carried out by individuals, firms and governments (usually for investment purposes). Before we look at these two sections individually, the diagram below gives you an overall picture of what is going on. Click on the buttons below to see the summaries of the different accounts.

國際收支衡量英國和世界其他國家之間的所有資金流動。經(jīng)常賬戶記錄了所有貨物和服務進出英國的情況。資本賬戶（也被稱為金融賬戶）衡量個人、公司和政府進行的所有資本流動（通常用于投資目的）。在我們單獨研究這兩個部分之前，下圖為您提供了一個總體情況。點擊下面的按鈕可以看到不同賬戶的摘要。

Note that figures have been added for the full year 1999 to give you an idea of how the UK fairs internationally. All figures are in billions of pounds. All positive figures (+) refer to money flowing into the UK as payment for UK exports (on the current account) or simply as investments (in the capital account). All negative figures (-) refer to money flowing out of the UK as payment for imports (on the current account) or simply for investments (on the capital account). Now for the details of the two main sections.

請注意，為了讓你了解英國在國際上的表現(xiàn)，已經(jīng)加入了1999年全年的數(shù)字。所有的數(shù)字都是以十億英鎊為單位。所有的正數(shù)（+）是指流入英國的資金，作為對英國出口的支付（在經(jīng)常賬戶上）或僅僅作為投資（在資本賬戶上）。所有的負數(shù)（-）是指流向英國的資金，作為對進口的支付（在經(jīng)常賬戶上）或簡單的投資（在資本賬戶上）?，F(xiàn)在來看看這兩個主要部分的細節(jié)。

The current account 活期賬戶

The current account records the movement of all goods and services into and out of the UK. Some of you may be thinking, "what happened to the visibles and invisibles?" While some examiners might let you get away with using these terms, these old terms have not been used officially for almost five years!

活期賬戶記錄了所有貨物和服務進出英國的情況。你們中的一些人可能在想，"可見物和不可見物怎么了？" 雖然有些考官可能會讓你免于使用這些術語，但這些舊的術語已經(jīng)有近五年沒有正式使用了!

Trade in goods 貨物貿(mào)易

The visible section is now called the trade in goods section. Both names are equally easy to remember. This section records all trade in goods, hence the name! Another way of thinking about it is that all goods are visible, hence the old name.

可見部分現(xiàn)在被稱為貨物貿(mào)易部分。這兩個名字同樣容易記住。這一部分記錄了所有的貨物貿(mào)易，因此而得名! 另一種思考方式是，所有的貨物都是可見的，所以叫舊名。

There are hundreds of different items that fall under this category. Oil is one of the biggest, especially given that the UK has been a net exporter of oil for the last 20 years. All manufactured goods are included, like cars, all household appliances, computers and anything else you can think of. Textbooks often refer to 'semi-manufactures'. These are items that have not quite become finished manufactures. Car parts might be an example. All raw materials that are needed for any production process are also included, as are all food items.

有數(shù)百種不同的物品屬于這個類別。石油是最大的項目之一，特別是考慮到英國在過去20年里一直是石油的凈出口國。所有的制成品都包括在內(nèi)，如汽車、所有家用電器、電腦和其他你能想到的東西。教科書中經(jīng)常提到 "半成品"。這些是還沒有完全成為成品的物品。汽車零部件可能就是一個例子。任何生產(chǎn)過程所需的所有原材料也包括在內(nèi)，所有食品也包括在內(nèi)。

If the UK sells a Rover car (made in Britain) to someone in a French car showroom, then this is called an export and appears as an inflow of money (+) in the 'trade in goods' section of the current account. If Renault (the French car company) sell a car to someone in a British car showroom, then this is called an import and appears as an outflow of money (-) in the same section.

如果英國將一輛羅孚汽車（英國制造）賣給了法國汽車展廳的某個人，那么這被稱為出口，在經(jīng)常賬戶的 "貨物貿(mào)易 "部分顯示為資金流入（+）。如果雷諾（法國汽車公司）向英國汽車展廳的人出售一輛汽車，那么這被稱為進口，并在同一部分顯示為貨幣流出（-）。

【微語】留學之際，愿你帶著希望與夢想揚帆起航，歸來時，熠熠生輝。