2023年AP藝術(shù)史考試已于5月5日星期五舉行完畢，目前CB官網(wǎng)也已經(jīng)放出了AP藝術(shù)史FRQ真題，今天留求藝留學(xué)老師為大家分享一下2023年AP藝術(shù)史FRQ真題及答案講解，趕緊來看！

2023年藝術(shù)史的FRQ題目乍一看會感覺它和世界歷史的考查內(nèi)容有很多相似之處，考到的作品如同2021、2022年更加脫離歐洲中心論，涉及很多非洲、美洲、亞洲的作品。特別是第一題考到的文化對比、第二題涉及的非洲宗教、第六題考到的冷戰(zhàn)時期的作品，也是世界史中常常涉及到的。

總體來說，考試難度適中。雖然大家熟悉的希臘羅馬作品都沒有考到，古典歐洲藝術(shù)作品除了第一題涉及到，其他題目基本也沒有涉及到。但考到的非洲、美洲、亞洲作品往往是相應(yīng)部分的重點，且同學(xué)們總體掌握一些背景知識，如浮世繪、印度教、非洲雕塑、面具、阿茲特克藝術(shù)的內(nèi)容。

此外，考試在涉及到現(xiàn)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)作品中往往考查西方流行的Post-colonialism, Self identity, Ideology等話題，因此備考2024年考試的同學(xué)要多關(guān)注這方面的話題。

第一題

考點分析

給出了同學(xué)們比較熟悉的Romanesque基督教作品Reliquary of Sainte-Foy, 對比了南亞印度教的作品及美洲阿茲特克The Coyolxauhqui Stone，主題是進(jìn)行宗教的對比。

宗教的主題是AP藝術(shù)史中常?？嫉降模热缯f2022年的考試第一題考到的也是宗教主題，且第一題往往都會考到跨文化作品的對比，也是藝術(shù)史里面最難的一道FRQ題目。

不過今年給出的幾個作品應(yīng)該是大家比較熟知的，2016年曾考到過FRQ Reliquary of Sainte-Foy與非洲作品Reliquary figure (byeri)的對比，Shiva as Lord of Dance曾考過選擇題，因此也算是考點的重復(fù)。我們在這里以Shiva as Lord of Dance為例為大家分析，這兩個作品乍一看也許沒有什么相似之處，但其實全部都是創(chuàng)作于中世紀(jì)的作品，且均為宗教主題。

答題思路

Identify:

Shiva asLordof Dance (Nataraja) ; Hindu; India (Tamil Nadu), Chola Dynasty. c. 11th century, Cast bronze.

Subject:

Reliquary of Sainte-Foy: Reliquary of a young girl martyred in the early 4th century; she refused to sacrifice to the Roman gods in a pagan ritual, mannish looking, enlarged head

Shiva as Lord of Dance (Nataraja) : Shiva seen as idealized male figure. God of Destroyer and rebirth, four hands, one hand holding a drum, another carries a flame, the other two offering the abhayamudra, gesture of fearlessness.

Differences and similarities:

? Shiva appears as lord of the dance, he activates the destruction of illusion and the creation of enlightenment representing Hinduism’s cycle of rebirth, Sainte-Foy as a human being who refused to practice pagan religion and died for her faith, venerated as saint, representing Christianity’s veneration of martyrdom as Jesus himself died for the faith as well. However Sainte Foy is not represented as god as Christianity is a monotheistic religion.

?The reliquary held the remains of Sainte Foy as Christians belief in the healing power of relics, provided spiritual link between life and death vs. Shiva’s sculpture as a embodiment representation of Hindu God.

?Figural representation in both religions, using statues to represent holy figure/deity. Unlike religions such as Islam, where depiction of holy figure is forbidden.

?Movable, both were moderate in size, and could be paraded for ceremonies. Shiva’s sculpture can be hold for ceremonial purposes and covered by flowers and jewelries. once a year, on the saint’s feast day, the reliquary is paraded in a glass case through the town of Conques.

?Worshippers came before the statue and begin to pray.

?Sainte-Foy’s reliquary was held in a church, although stolen from Agen by a monk, relic was on display to be viewed by the general public as Christianity often have congregational ceremonies. Shiva’s sculpture has been removed from its intended context and now exists in a museum.

?Sainte-Foy’s reliquary was situated on a pilgrimage route to The Camino de Santiago.

第二題

Explain how the object chosen honors a specific important member of the African society in which it was created.

Ndop (portrait figure) of King Mishe miShyaang maMbul

Wall plaque, from Oba’s palace

Portrait mask (Mblo)

考點分析

考到了同學(xué)們普遍比較熟悉的非洲雕塑和面具的內(nèi)容。面具是常?？嫉降膬?nèi)容，今年和往年常常考非洲面具的題目，如第三幅作品也是2019年FRQ曾經(jīng)考到過的，去年還考了美洲面具。這道題如果大家熟悉作品內(nèi)容的話作答比較簡單，我們以Portrait mask (Mblo)為例，為大家展開分析。

答題思路

Using idealized features such as small mouth to represent intelligence and downcast eyes to represent modesty, Moya Yanso was honored in special Mblo ritual performance using portrait mask (Mblo)

?Created in the early 20th century, made of wood, brass, and pigment (paint)

?Dancers perform in costume and mask conceals face

?Broad foreheads, oval face, long nose, pronounced eye sockets, column-shaped nose

?features associated with intellect and respect

?Presented at Mblo performances in which individual is honored with ritual dances tributes are performed in his/her honor

?Honoree receives a mask the reflects an artistic double as a gift

?Idealized representation of Moya Yanso, not a portrait in the modern sense of term

?First danced by her husband and then by her sons

?Moyo Yanso accompanied the mask when it was danced until she was no longer physically able to do so, her granddaughter than assumes the role

第三題

考點分析

第三題考查的是第八單元東亞藝術(shù)中的日本浮世繪作品，Katsushika Hokusai（葛飾北齋）的作品36幅富士山系列作品中的Ejiri in Suruga Province的視覺分析, 考綱中給到的我們是該系列作品中最著名的一幅Under the Wave off Kanagawa (The Great Wave)，這道題還考查了日本版畫的contextual evidence。

答題思路

Visual:

?Mount fuji is shown without clouds, probably blown away by strong winds

?Travelers zigzag through meandering path, wind hitting the travelers strongly,

?travelers holding on to their head

?Papers coming out of a bags

?Movement in the foreground, stillness in the background

Contextual evidence:

?Combination of graphical perspective and traditional Japanese prints.

?Ukiyo-e print showing scene from transient side of life, exploring landscape, showing power of nature.

第四題

考點分析

第四題考查的是第二單元古代埃及藝術(shù)，埃及藝術(shù)是考試中比較傳統(tǒng)的重要考點，2014年的考題中FRQ第六題曾經(jīng)考到過同樣的作品，這道題考查了同學(xué)們contextual analysis的能力，難度較低，應(yīng)該是大家的拿分題。

答題思路

Visual characteristic:

Pyramids of three pharaohs, including causeways, valley temples, mortuary temples, chapels, statues, and the Great Sphinx, believed to bear the likeness of Khafre.

Original function:Funerary complex.

Contextual evidence to explain religious practice of Old Kingdom influenced the design of the architectural complex and/or its monuments:

Divine rights of the kings, monumental in scale, mummification and entombment, priest performed ritual where the spirit of the deceased received offering from his family; Palace for afterlife, connect this life to next; beliefs about the sun god Re as part of the pharaohs immortality, follow the sun’s east-west path; shape represent Ben-ben.

Why the Great Pyramids and Great Sphinx of Giza are understood as an expression of power and authority in Old Kingdom Egypt:

The Great Sphinx is the largest statue from its time, attests to the wealth and the pretentions of the pharaohs, guardian figure, image of the Sphinx was associated with the sun god.

第五題

考點分析

第五題歸屬題考的是第十單元Contemporary Art的一幅冷門作品。藝術(shù)家Julie Mehretu在以前的FRQ考試中幾乎沒有考到過，但我們仔細(xì)看一下藝術(shù)家的身份和作品的內(nèi)容不難看出為什么這幅作品被官方青睞作為考題?？季V中給出的作品是Stadia II, 2004, ink and acrylic on canvas。

Mehretu出生于埃塞俄比亞，6歲時隨母親移居美國密歇根州，目前在紐約工作生活。她的作品常常圍繞殖民、黑人身份認(rèn)同、政治等主題展開。

藝術(shù)家在2021年剛在美國知名美術(shù)館Whitney Museum做過個展，所創(chuàng)作的主題也是美國當(dāng)代藝術(shù)中比較熱門、主流的話題，特別是反應(yīng)少數(shù)族裔一類的作品是考試的熱點。同學(xué)們在以后的復(fù)習(xí)中也要多加留心這類主題及美國大館近幾年展覽。

答題方向

Visual evidence:

grand scale, abstract sketches, multiple layers, asymmetrical geometric shapes, create painting without relying on figuration, symbolic movement through space, give viewer opportunity to explore.

Similarities:

?Using multi-layered lines to create animation in the work

?color-shifts flout in space

Architecture:

using geometric and colorful shapes to represent migration and movement across space

第六題

考點分析

The Results of the First Five-Year Plan made by Vavara Stepanova in 1932.

這道題考查了和意識形態(tài)有關(guān)的一幅作品，這也是AP藝術(shù)史常常會考到的，即使大家對這幅作品不是很熟悉，但如果熟悉列寧、斯大林第一個五年計劃的同學(xué)多少能答出來一些問題，這道題也是一個跨學(xué)科的考查。眾所周知，AP各科中與藝術(shù)史最接近的科目就是世界歷史，關(guān)于冷戰(zhàn)的部分如果有世界歷史的背景會為同學(xué)準(zhǔn)備contextual analysis提供幫助。

答題思路

Visual and Contextual evidence:

?Double page spread in a book

?Graphic art for political and propaganda purposes

?Red color dominates as symbol of color of the Soviet Union

?Large portrait of Lenin dominates; although deceased, his image is used to stimulate patriotism

?Influenced by Cubism and Futurism

Using specific contextual evidence, explain how the artist’s choices about style or content in the work represent the ideas and values of the society in which it was made:

?CCCP is a Russian abbreviation for the Soviet Union

?Five Year Plan, made by Stalin, Heavy industry and Agriculture collectivism

?Propaganda image, emphasize Stalin and Lenin’s connection

【微語】你踏上異國的土地, 追逐夢想的翅膀, 愿風(fēng)總是順著你的方向, 讓每一步都充滿力量。